Hardy Louise L, Mihrshahi Seema, Bellew William, Bauman Adrian, Ding Ding
Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Prev Med Rep. 2017 Oct 10;8:279-285. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.006. eCollection 2017 Dec.
The aim of this study is to report the proportions of Australian children age 5-16 years meeting six health behavior recommendations associated with reducing risk of non-communicable disease. Data comes from a representative cross-sectional population survey conducted in 2015. Parents completed a health behavior questionnaire for children age < 10 years and adolescents age > 10 years self-reported. Adherence rates were calculated separately for children and adolescents on meeting recommendations for fruit (2-serves/day), vegetables (5-serves/day), physical activity (≥ 60 min/day), screen-time (< 2 h/day), oral health (brush-teeth twice daily) and sleep (children 9-11 h/night; adolescents: 8-10 h/night). Participants were 3884 children and 3671 adolescents. Adherence to recommendations was low, with children adhering to an average of 2.5 and adolescents to 2.3 of six recommendations. Overall, recommendation adherence rates were 7% for vegetables, 18% for screen-time, 20% for physical activity, 56% for sleep, 67% for dental (teeth brushing) 79% for fruit; 3.3% reported zero adherence with recommendations and < 0.5% adhered to all six recommendations. There was evidence of social disparity in adherence rates; children and adolescents from low socioeconomic neighborhoods met fewer recommendations and were less likely to meet screen-time and dental recommendations, compared with high socioeconomic peers. Children and adolescents from rural areas met more recommendations, compared with urban peers. Children's and adolescents' adherence to health behavior recommendations is sub-optimal, exposing them to risk of developing non-communicable diseases during adulthood. Better communication and health promotion strategies are required to improve parents' and children's awareness of and adherence to health behavior recommendations.
本研究旨在报告澳大利亚5至16岁儿童符合六项与降低非传染性疾病风险相关的健康行为建议的比例。数据来自2015年进行的一项具有代表性的横断面人口调查。父母为10岁以下儿童填写健康行为问卷，10岁以上青少年自行报告。分别计算儿童和青少年在水果（每天2份）、蔬菜（每天5份）、体育活动（每天≥60分钟）、屏幕使用时间（每天<2小时）、口腔健康（每天刷牙两次）和睡眠（儿童每晚9至11小时；青少年每晚8至10小时）方面符合建议的比例。参与者为3884名儿童和3671名青少年。对建议的遵守率较低，儿童平均遵守六项建议中的2.5项，青少年平均遵守六项建议中的2.3项。总体而言，蔬菜建议遵守率为7%，屏幕使用时间建议遵守率为18%，体育活动建议遵守率为20%，睡眠建议遵守率为56%，牙齿（刷牙）建议遵守率为67%，水果建议遵守率为79%；3.3%的人报告完全不遵守建议，<0.5%的人遵守所有六项建议。有证据表明遵守率存在社会差异；与社会经济地位高的同龄人相比，来自社会经济地位低的社区的儿童和青少年符合的建议更少，更不可能符合屏幕使用时间和牙齿健康建议。与城市同龄人相比，农村地区的儿童和青少年符合更多建议。儿童和青少年对健康行为建议的遵守情况不理想，这使他们在成年后患非传染性疾病的风险增加。需要更好的沟通和健康促进策略来提高父母和儿童对健康行为建议的认识和遵守程度。
