Grossman Elyse R, Binakonsky Jane, Jernigan David
a Department of Health , Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2018 Jul 3;53(8):1229-1238. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1402054. Epub 2017 Dec 19.
Alcohol is responsible for 4,300 deaths a year in the U.S. among persons under 21. Alcohol companies innovate rapidly and produce new products, some of which prove popular among young people. The 18 "control jurisdictions" in the U.S. - those that exercise monopoly control over some aspect of alcohol distribution - have the ability to govern which products become available within their borders and have, at times, exercised that authority to block particular products from sale.
This paper is an exploratory study examining how states use regulatory authority in control jurisdictions to restrict the sale of new alcohol products within their borders, and the reasoning used to justify those decisions.
The authors, collaborating with the National Alcohol Beverage Control Association, surveyed control state officials regarding procedures and policies governing the sale of new products in their jurisdictions.
Control jurisdictions have banned/restricted different products (e.g., grain alcohol and alcoholic energy drinks) for a variety of reasons (e.g., flavorings/packaging appealing to underage drinkers, blurring of distinctions between alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, and judgment that the product was not socially responsible). Conclusions/ Importance: Although U.S. control jurisdictions universally have the authority to limit access to problematic alcohol products; they vary in the degree to which they use it. These states need to take action, and as of now, there is no systematic reasoning behind when and how states make decisions to ban/restrict these products. Greater exploration of regulatory authority in this arena could be protective of public health.
在美国，酒精每年导致21岁以下人群中有4300人死亡。酒精公司创新迅速，推出新产品，其中一些在年轻人中很受欢迎。美国的18个“管制辖区”——那些对酒精分销的某些方面实行垄断控制的辖区——有能力管理哪些产品在其境内上市，并且有时会行使该权力阻止特定产品销售。
本文是一项探索性研究，考察各州如何在管制辖区内运用监管权力限制境内新酒精产品的销售，以及用于证明这些决定合理的理由。
作者与全国酒精饮料管制协会合作，就其辖区内新产品销售的程序和政策对管制州官员进行了调查。
管制辖区出于各种原因（例如，吸引未成年饮酒者的调味剂/包装、酒精饮料与非酒精饮料区别的模糊，以及认为该产品不符合社会责任）禁止/限制了不同产品（例如，谷物酒精和含酒精能量饮料）。结论/重要性：尽管美国管制辖区普遍有权限制获取有问题的酒精产品；但它们在使用该权力的程度上存在差异。这些州需要采取行动，而目前，各州在何时以及如何做出禁止/限制这些产品的决定背后没有系统的理由。对这一领域监管权力进行更多探索可能会保护公众健康。
