AlSadhan Salwa A, Al-Jobair Asma M, Bafaqeeh Mariam, Abusharifa Hanadi, Alagla Maram
Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Diriyah, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Oral Health. 2017 Dec 19;17(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0446-6.
The impact of visual impairment on oral health in the literature is inconclusive, and the available information on the medical and dental health status of visually impaired children is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental and medical health status, and to assess the oral health knowledge of visually impaired girls aged 6-12 years, and compare them to that of sighted children.
This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 79 visually impaired and 83 age-matched sighted female primary school children. The children's demographic data, medical history, and dental history were obtained through a validated questionnaire. The study population was examined to evaluate their dental caries status using the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth/Surface indices DMFT/DMFS/ and dmft/dmfs for permanent and primary teeth, respectively. Oral hygiene index (OHI), Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were obtained for periodontal evaluation. Pearson's Chi-square test and t-test were used for the statistical analyses.
The general health for both groups was found to be good; however, 21.5% of the visually impaired children had systemic diseases compared with only 4.8% of the sighted children (P = 0.002). Statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between the two groups with regards to OHI. Among the sighted children, 49.4% had good oral hygiene compared with only 22.8% of the visually impaired group. The plaque accumulation was found to be greater among the visually impaired group and gingivitis was also higher. The DMFS score was found to be higher (P = 0.03) among the visually impaired group.
The visually impaired children had more medical conditions and poorer oral health status compared to their sighted peers.
文献中关于视力障碍对口腔健康的影响尚无定论，且关于视力障碍儿童的医疗和牙齿健康状况的现有信息有限。本研究的目的是评估6至12岁视力障碍女童的牙齿和医疗健康状况，评估她们的口腔健康知识，并将其与视力正常儿童进行比较。
本分析性横断面研究对79名视力障碍和83名年龄匹配的视力正常的小学女生进行。通过一份经过验证的问卷获取儿童的人口统计学数据、病史和牙科病史。分别使用恒牙和乳牙的龋失补牙/面指数DMFT/DMFS/和dmft/dmfs对研究人群进行检查，以评估其龋齿状况。获取口腔卫生指数（OHI）、菌斑指数（PI）和牙龈指数（GI）进行牙周评估。采用Pearson卡方检验和t检验进行统计分析。
发现两组的总体健康状况良好；然而，21.5%的视力障碍儿童患有全身性疾病，而视力正常儿童中这一比例仅为4.8%（P = 0.002）。两组在OHI方面存在统计学显著差异（P < 0.001）。在视力正常的儿童中，49.4%的人口腔卫生良好，而视力障碍组中这一比例仅为22.8%。发现视力障碍组的菌斑堆积更多，牙龈炎也更高。视力障碍组的DMFS评分更高（P = 0.03）。
与视力正常的同龄人相比，视力障碍儿童的医疗状况更多，口腔健康状况更差。
