Costa-Filho Rubens C, Bozza Fernando A
Department of Critical Care, Hospital Pro Cardíaco, Rua Gal. Polidoro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
Trombocore, Haemostasis & Thrombosis Studies with roTEM thromboelastometry directed to critically ill patients, Rua Dona Mariana, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
Ann Transl Med. 2017 Nov;5(22):449. doi: 10.21037/atm.2017.11.04.
Since the original observations by Bizzozero and Osler, we have seen tremendous advances in the understanding of platelets far beyond haemostasis and the restoration of injured endothelium. In this mini-review on platelets, we will briefly outline their historical description and the importance of their evolution, focusing on a 450 million years old living fossil of Limulus polyphemus, a marine chelicerate arthropod, which helped researchers explain the basis for the immunity role of platelets and make correlations with platelet ultrastructure and function. In addition, the impact of the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) test for modern medicine is highlighted. The role of platelets in cardiovascular diseases, their relevance in arterial and venous thrombosis, and the utilization of antithrombotic drugs as therapeutic agents are also reported. Furthermore, platelet receptors are crucial in aggravating or mitigating other diseases, such as cancer and infections, which can recruit cells and have numerous interactions in a process recently coined "NETosis formation", which is also briefly depicted.
自从比佐泽罗和奥斯勒最初的观察以来，我们对血小板的理解取得了巨大进展，远远超出了止血和受损内皮修复的范畴。在这篇关于血小板的小型综述中，我们将简要概述其历史描述及其进化的重要性，重点关注一种生活了4.5亿年的活化石——鲎，一种海洋螯肢节肢动物，它帮助研究人员解释了血小板免疫作用的基础，并将其与血小板超微结构和功能建立关联。此外，还强调了鲎试剂（LAL）检测对现代医学的影响。本文还报道了血小板在心血管疾病中的作用、它们在动脉和静脉血栓形成中的相关性以及抗血栓药物作为治疗剂的应用。此外，血小板受体在加重或减轻其他疾病（如癌症和感染）方面至关重要，这些疾病可招募细胞并在最近提出的“中性粒细胞胞外陷阱形成”过程中发生众多相互作用，本文也对此进行了简要描述。
