Faraji Hakim, Helalizadeh Masoumeh, Kordi Mohammad Reza
Department of Chemistry, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, 338177489, Iran.
Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, 1587958711, Iran.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018 Jan;410(2):605-614. doi: 10.1007/s00216-017-0762-3. Epub 2017 Dec 20.
A rapid, simple, and sensitive approach to the analysis of trihalomethanes (THMs) in swimming pool water samples has been developed. The main goal of this study was to overcome or to improve the shortcomings of conventional dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and to maximize the realization of green analytical chemistry principles. The method involves a simple vortex-assisted microextraction step, in the absence of the dispersive solvent, followed by salting-out effect for the elimination of the centrifugation step. A bell-shaped device and a solidifiable solvent were used to simplify the extraction solvent collection after phase separation. Optimization of the independent variables was performed by using chemometric methods in three steps. The method was statistically validated based on authentic guidance documents. The completion time for extraction was less than 8 min, and the limits of detection were in the range between 4 and 72 ng L. Using this method, good linearity and precision were achieved. The results of THMs determination in different real samples showed that in some cases the concentration of total THMs was more than threshold values of THMs determined by accredited healthcare organizations. This method indicated satisfactory analytical figures of merit. Graphical Abstract A novel green microextraction technique for overcoming the challenges of conventional DLLME. The proposed procedure complies with the principles of green/sustainable analytical chemistry, comprising decreasing the sample size, making easy automation of the process, reducing organic waste, diminishing energy consumption, replacing toxic reagents with safer reagents, and enhancing operator safety.
已开发出一种快速、简单且灵敏的分析游泳池水样中三卤甲烷（THMs）的方法。本研究的主要目标是克服或改进传统分散液液微萃取（DLLME）的缺点，并最大限度地实现绿色分析化学原则。该方法包括一个简单的涡旋辅助微萃取步骤，无需分散溶剂，随后利用盐析效应省去离心步骤。使用钟形装置和可固化溶剂简化相分离后萃取溶剂的收集。通过化学计量学方法分三步对自变量进行优化。该方法依据权威指导文件进行了统计学验证。萃取完成时间不到8分钟，检测限在4至72 ng/L之间。使用该方法获得了良好的线性和精密度。不同实际样品中THMs的测定结果表明，在某些情况下，总THMs浓度超过了经认可的医疗机构测定的THMs阈值。该方法显示出令人满意的分析性能指标。图形摘要 一种克服传统DLLME挑战的新型绿色微萃取技术。所提出的程序符合绿色/可持续分析化学原则，包括减少样品量、便于过程自动化、减少有机废物、降低能耗、用更安全的试剂替代有毒试剂以及提高操作人员安全性。
