Maggio Lauren A, Willinsky John M, Steinberg Ryan M, Mietchen Daniel, Wass Joseph L, Dong Ting
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 21;12(12):e0190046. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190046. eCollection 2017.
Wikipedia is a gateway to knowledge. However, the extent to which this gateway ends at Wikipedia or continues via supporting citations is unknown. Wikipedia's gateway functionality has implications for information design and education, notably in medicine. This study aims to establish benchmarks for the relative distribution and referral (click) rate of citations-as indicated by presence of a Digital Object Identifier (DOI)-from Wikipedia, with a focus on medical citations. DOIs referred from the English Wikipedia in August 2016 were obtained from Crossref.org. Next, based on a DOI's presence on a WikiProject Medicine page, all DOIs in Wikipedia were categorized as medical (WP:MED) or non-medical (non-WP:MED). Using this categorization, referred DOIs were classified as WP:MED, non-WP:MED, or BOTH, meaning the DOI may have been referred from either category. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Out of 5.2 million Wikipedia pages, 4.42% (n = 229,857) included at least one DOI. 68,870 were identified as WP:MED, with 22.14% (n = 15,250) featuring one or more DOIs. WP:MED pages featured on average 8.88 DOI citations per page, whereas non-WP:MED pages had on average 4.28 DOI citations. For DOIs only on WP:MED pages, a DOI was referred every 2,283 pageviews and for non-WP:MED pages every 2,467 pageviews. DOIs from BOTH pages accounted for 12% (n = 58,475). The referral of DOI citations found in BOTH could not be assigned to WP:MED or non-WP:MED, as the page from which the referral was made was not provided with the data. While these results cannot provide evidence of greater citation referral from WP:MED than non-WP:MED, they do provide benchmarks to assess strategies for changing referral patterns. These changes might include editors adopting new methods for designing and presenting citations or the introduction of teaching strategies that address the value of consulting citations as a tool for extending learning.
维基百科是获取知识的一个途径。然而，这个途径在维基百科终止还是通过支持性引用继续延伸，目前尚不清楚。维基百科的途径功能对信息设计和教育有影响，尤其是在医学领域。本研究旨在为维基百科中引用（以数字对象标识符（DOI）的存在表示）的相对分布和引用（点击）率建立基准，重点是医学引用。2016年8月从英文维基百科引用的DOI是从Crossref.org获取的。接下来，根据DOI在维基医学项目页面上的存在情况，维基百科中的所有DOI被分类为医学类（WP:MED）或非医学类（非WP:MED）。利用这种分类，被引用的DOI被分类为WP:MED、非WP:MED或两者皆有，意思是该DOI可能是从任何一类被引用的。数据使用描述性和推断性统计进行分析。在520万个维基百科页面中，4.42%（n = 229,857）至少包含一个DOI。68,870个被确定为WP:MED，其中22.14%（n = 15,250）有一个或多个DOI。WP:MED页面平均每页有8.88个DOI引用，而非WP:MED页面平均每页有4.28个DOI引用。对于仅在WP:MED页面上的DOI，每2283次页面浏览会有一次引用，对于非WP:MED页面，每2467次页面浏览会有一次引用。来自两者皆有页面的DOI占12%（n = 58,475）。在两者皆有页面中发现的DOI引用无法被归类为WP:MED或非WP:MED，因为提供的数据中没有给出引用来源页面。虽然这些结果不能证明WP:MED比非WP:MED有更多的引用，但它们确实提供了评估改变引用模式策略的基准。这些改变可能包括编辑采用新的引用设计和呈现方法，或者引入教学策略，以说明将引用作为扩展学习工具的价值。
