BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllő, Hungary.
Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, Gödöllő, Hungary.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1079:55-68. doi: 10.1007/5584_2017_141.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disabling condition effecting the elderly, significantly impacting an individual patient's quality of life. Current treatment options for OA are focused on pain management and slowing degradation of cartilage. Some modern surgical techniques aimed at encouraging regeneration at defect sites have met with limited long-term success. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been viewed recently as a potential tool in OA repair due to their chondrogenic capacity. Several studies have shown success with regards to reducing patient's OA-related pain and discomfort but have been less successful in inducing chondrocyte regeneration. The heterogeneity of MSCs and their limited proliferation capacity also raises issues when developing an off-the-shelf treatment for OA. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, which allows for the easy production of cells capable of prolonged self-renewal and producing any somatic cell type, may overcome those limitations. Patient derived iPSCs can also be used to gain new insight into heredity-related OA. Efforts to generate chondrocytes from iPSCs through embryoid bodies or mesenchymal intermediate stages have struggled to produce with optimal functional characteristics. However, iPSCs potential to produce cells for future OA therapies has been supported by iPSC-derived teratomas, which have shown an ability to produce functional, stable articular cartilage. Other iPSCs-chondrogenic protocols are also improving by incorporating tissue engineering techniques to better mimic developmental conditions.
骨关节炎（OA）是影响老年人的最常见的慢性致残性疾病，严重影响个体患者的生活质量。目前 OA 的治疗选择集中在疼痛管理和减缓软骨降解上。一些旨在鼓励缺陷部位再生的现代手术技术取得了有限的长期成功。间充质干细胞（MSCs）由于其软骨生成能力，最近被视为 OA 修复的潜在工具。几项研究表明，在减轻患者的 OA 相关疼痛和不适方面取得了成功，但在诱导软骨细胞再生方面的效果较差。MSCs 的异质性及其有限的增殖能力在开发 OA 的现成治疗方法时也带来了问题。诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）技术可以轻松产生能够长期自我更新并产生任何体细胞类型的细胞，可能克服这些限制。患者来源的 iPSCs 还可用于深入了解遗传相关的 OA。通过类胚体或间充质中间阶段从 iPSCs 生成软骨细胞的努力难以产生具有最佳功能特征的细胞。然而，iPSCs 具有产生未来 OA 治疗细胞的潜力，iPSC 衍生的畸胎瘤已经显示出产生功能稳定的关节软骨的能力。其他 iPSC 软骨生成方案也通过结合组织工程技术得到了改善，以更好地模拟发育条件。
