An electrophysiologically defined trigemino-reticulo-facial pathway related to the blink reflex in the cat.

This study examines the direct projection of neurons in the pontomedullary reticular formation (RF) to the dorsal division of the facial nucleus (FN), where the orbicularis oculi motoneuron pool is located, and the nature of synaptic inputs to the RF neurons from the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (SON), using electrophysiological techniques in anesthetized cats. A large number of the RF neurons directly projected to the ipsilateral FN dorsal division, and some of these neurons issued axon branches probably terminating on motoneurons in the division. Many of the RF neurons projecting to the dorsal division were synaptically activated by ipsilateral SON stimulation. Most latencies of their activation were between the latencies of the early and late blink reflex responses, and the remaining latencies were shorter than those of the early response. These results suggest that the RF neurons mediate both the early and the late blink reflex responses, but mainly the late response, as premotor relay neurons.