当 microRNAs 遇见癌症中的 RNA 编辑：一个核苷酸的改变就能产生差异。
When MicroRNAs Meet RNA Editing in Cancer: A Nucleotide Change Can Make a Difference.
机构信息
Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
出版信息
Bioessays. 2018 Feb;40(2). doi: 10.1002/bies.201700188. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
Abstract
RNA editing is a major post-transcriptional mechanism that changes specific nucleotides at the RNA level. The most common RNA editing type in humans is adenosine (A) to inosine (I) editing, which is mediated by ADAR enzymes. RNA editing events can not only change amino acids in proteins, but also affect the functions of non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs. Recent studies have characterized thousands of miRNA RNA editing events across different cancer types. Importantly, individual cases of miRNA editing have been reported to play a role in cancer development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of miRNA editing in cancer, and discuss the mechanisms on how miRNA-related editing events modulate the initiation and progression of human cancer. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of studying miRNA editing in cancer.
摘要
RNA 编辑是一种主要的转录后机制，可在 RNA 水平上改变特定的核苷酸。人类最常见的 RNA 编辑类型是腺嘌呤（A）到肌苷（I）编辑，由 ADAR 酶介导。RNA 编辑事件不仅可以改变蛋白质中的氨基酸，还可以影响非编码 RNA（如 miRNA）的功能。最近的研究已经在不同的癌症类型中描述了数千个 miRNA RNA 编辑事件。重要的是，已经有报道称 miRNA 编辑的个别情况在癌症发展中起作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 miRNA 编辑在癌症中的最新知识，并讨论了 miRNA 相关编辑事件如何调节人类癌症发生和进展的机制。最后，我们讨论了研究癌症中 miRNA 编辑的挑战和未来方向。
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