School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
College of Health/School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Toxicol Sci. 2018 Apr 1;162(2):349-360. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx285.
Personal care products (PCP) contain a myriad of chemicals generally formulated to provide a safe and beneficial use. Nonetheless, an increasing amount of laboratory animal and human studies indicate that some chemicals in PCP are associated with decreased hormone production, diminished ovarian reserve, ovarian cancer, and early pregnancy loss. The ovary is key to female fertility by providing the eggs and sex steroid hormones for fertilization and maintenance of reproductive function, respectively. Thus, understanding how chemicals in PCP affect the ovary will shed some light on their potential effects on female fertility. In this review, we provide an overview of: (1) ovarian function as a determinant of fertility in females, (2) the status of knowledge regarding the effects of seven common chemicals in PCP on the ovary, and (3) significant gaps in the literature along with opportunities to eliminate some of the gaps. Findings from the limited existing data suggest that chemicals in PCP such as dibutyl phthalate can reach the ovary in humans and impact its function in animal models. Unfortunately, it is still difficult to assess how relevant findings of experimental studies are to women because of lack of human exposure data for most of these chemicals and the lack of studies that mimic real-life exposures. In contrast to chemicals such as bisphenol A and dioxin, the investigation of the effects of chemicals in PCP on reproductive function is still limited and warrants further investigation to fill existing data gaps.
个人护理产品 (PCP) 含有大量的化学物质,这些化学物质通常被用来提供安全和有益的用途。尽管如此,越来越多的实验室动物和人类研究表明,PCP 中的一些化学物质与激素产生减少、卵巢储备减少、卵巢癌和早期妊娠丢失有关。卵巢是女性生育能力的关键,它分别提供卵子和性激素,以进行受精和生殖功能的维持。因此,了解 PCP 中的化学物质如何影响卵巢,将有助于了解它们对女性生育能力的潜在影响。在这篇综述中,我们概述了:(1)卵巢功能作为女性生育能力的决定因素,(2)关于 PCP 中七种常见化学物质对卵巢影响的知识现状,以及(3)文献中的重大空白以及消除这些空白的机会。有限的现有数据表明,PCP 中的化学物质,如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,可以到达人体卵巢,并影响其在动物模型中的功能。不幸的是,由于大多数这些化学物质缺乏人体暴露数据,并且缺乏模拟真实暴露的研究,因此仍然难以评估实验研究的发现对女性的相关性。与双酚 A 和二恶英等化学物质不同,PCP 中化学物质对生殖功能的影响的研究仍然有限,需要进一步研究以填补现有数据空白。