Charpak G, Dominik W, Zaganidis N
EP Division, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(6):1741-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.6.1741.
The multiplication in gases of ionization electrons, by the effect of the electric fields between parallel electrodes, leads to the emission of light from the molecules excited in the avalanche process. The optical imaging of this light, with intensifiers, on charge-coupled devices permits the localization, in the gaseous volume, of the entrance points of the beta-particles emitted by radioactive compounds placed close to or at the cathode electrode. Thin slices of anatomical samples labeled with 3H show detailed structures 30 microns in size. Gels carrying 32P or 35S are imaged with accuracies of the order of 0.5 mm (full width at half maximum). In comparison with photographic emulsion, the gain in time for data taking is close to a factor of 100, with the advantage of linearity and wider dynamic range in the intensity measurement and a greatly improved signal-to-noise ratio.
平行电极之间的电场作用使气体中的电离电子倍增,导致雪崩过程中被激发的分子发出光。利用增强器将这种光成像于电荷耦合器件上,能够在气体体积中定位靠近阴极或位于阴极的放射性化合物所发射的β粒子的入射点。用³H标记的解剖样本薄片可显示出尺寸为30微米的详细结构。携带³²P或³⁵S的凝胶成像精度约为0.5毫米(半高全宽)。与照相乳胶相比,数据采集时间增益接近100倍,具有强度测量的线性和更宽动态范围的优点,且信噪比大大提高。