Qu Qingqing, Cui Zhanling, Damian Markus F
Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science.
Department of Education, Hebei Normal University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2018 Aug;44(8):1325-1332. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000520. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
Evidence from both alphabetic and nonalphabetic languages has suggested the role of orthography in the processing of spoken words in individuals' native language (L1). Less evidence has existed for such effects in nonnative (L2) spoken-word processing. Whereas in L1 orthographic representations are learned only after phonological representations have long been established, in L2 the sound and spelling of words are often learned in conjunction; this might predict stronger orthographic effects in L2 than in L1 spoken processing. On the other hand, lexical codes are typically less integrated and stable in L2 than in L1, which might entail less pronounced orthographic effects. To explore this issue, Tibetan Chinese bilinguals judged whether Chinese spoken words presented in pairs were related in meaning. Some of the unrelated word pairs were orthographically related, and critically, this orthographic overlap induced a significant increase in response latencies. Compared to previous results from L1 listeners with the identical procedure, the orthographic effect for L2 listeners was more pronounced. These findings indicate that orthographic information is involuntarily accessed in native and nonnative spoken-word recognition alike and that it may play a more important role in the latter compared to the former. (PsycINFO Database Record
来自字母语言和非字母语言的证据都表明，正字法在个体母语（L1）的口语单词加工中发挥着作用。在非母语（L2）口语单词加工中，此类效应的证据较少。在L1中，正字法表征是在语音表征长期确立之后才习得的，而在L2中，单词的发音和拼写通常是同时学习的；这可能预示着L2中比L1口语加工中正字法效应更强。另一方面，词汇编码在L2中通常不如在L1中整合得好且稳定，这可能导致正字法效应不那么明显。为了探究这个问题，藏汉双语者判断成对呈现的汉语口语单词在意义上是否相关。一些不相关的单词对在正字法上是相关的，关键的是，这种正字法重叠导致反应潜伏期显著增加。与采用相同程序的L1听众的先前结果相比，L2听众的正字法效应更明显。这些发现表明，在母语和非母语口语单词识别中，正字法信息都会被自动提取，而且与前者相比，它在后者中可能发挥更重要的作用。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
