Zemore R, Shepel L F
Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Soc Sci Med. 1989;28(1):19-27. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(89)90302-x.
Wortman and Dunkel-Schetter (J. Soc. Issues 35, 120-155, 1979) have argued that victims of misfortune are likely to experience reduced social support at a time when support is needed most. The resulting self-doubt and isolation are thought to increase the victims' distress. Hypotheses derived from their analysis were tested by administering social and emotional adjustment inventories to 301 women who had undergone a mastectomy as treatment for breast cancer, and to 100 women diagnosed as having benign breast lumps (no-cancer, no-mastectomy controls). As expected, perceived emotional support was positively correlated with adjustment. However, contrary to Wortman and Dunkel-Schetter's analysis, the cancer patients perceived greater emotional support from friends and family than did the controls. In addition, these cancer 'victims' were no more socially or emotionally maladjusted than women without cancer.
沃特曼和邓克尔-谢特（《社会问题杂志》第35卷，第120 - 155页，1979年）认为，不幸事件的受害者在最需要支持的时候，可能会得到较少的社会支持。由此产生的自我怀疑和孤立被认为会增加受害者的痛苦。通过对301名接受乳房切除术治疗乳腺癌的女性以及100名被诊断患有良性乳房肿块的女性（无癌症、未进行乳房切除术的对照组）进行社会和情绪调整量表测试，对他们分析得出的假设进行了检验。正如预期的那样，感知到的情感支持与调整呈正相关。然而，与沃特曼和邓克尔-谢特的分析相反，癌症患者从朋友和家人那里感受到的情感支持比对照组更多。此外，这些癌症“受害者”在社会或情感方面的失调程度并不比没有患癌症的女性更高。
