Effect of N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate on the renal toxicity produced by subacute exposure to cadmium in rats.

The effect of N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (BGD) on the renal toxicity produced by subacute exposure to cadmium in rats was studied. Rats were injected sc with CdCl2 (1.5 mg Cd/kg) daily for 26 days and thereafter they received 13 injections of BGD (400 mumol/kg) every other day. Urinary protein concentration and AST activity significantly increased after 20 days of cadmium treatment. The pattern of the increase in the urinary excretion of cadmium after cadmium treatment was consistent with that in the urinary excretion of protein and AST. Urinary excretion of amino acid increased gradually after the cessation of cadmium treatment. BGD treatment significantly decreased the urinary excretion of protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and amino acid. Plasma AST activity was elevated 8 days after the beginning of cadmium treatment, indicating that the hepatic damage occurred prior to the renal damage. In addition, the microscopic examination of renal tissue from cadmium-treated rats revealed the necrosis of the proximal tubular cells. The cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney were significantly decreased by BGD treatment. The results of this study indicate that BGD treatment is effective in decreasing the cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney, resulting in the therapeutic effect on the cadmium-induced renal damage.