Facoltà di Bioscienze e tecnologie agro-alimentari e ambientali, Teramo University, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Facoltà di Bioscienze e tecnologie agro-alimentari e ambientali, Teramo University, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;625:470-476. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.321. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Considering the importance of honey bees for pollination activity and biodiversity preservation different studies have dealt with the impact of pesticides on honeybee health. Within the hive, beeswax is a matrix of particular interest because most of the chemicals used in agricultural and beekeeping activities can easily accumulate and persist in this matrix long after treatment has ceased, affecting honeybees survival. However, chemical analyses of pesticide residues in beeswax are not mandatory, so there are no residue limits, for beeswax. The present study was carried out with the aim of investigating the beeswax residue pattern in the Italian hives. 178 beeswax samples collected from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed for 247 pesticides. 73.6% of the analyzed samples reported the presence of one or more pesticides. On average every single sample showed a mean of three different pesticides each with a maximum of fourteen compounds, some of which were banned in Europe or not authorized in Italy. The higher frequencies were associated with three acaricides: coumaphos (60.7% of samples), tau-fluvalinate (50%) and chlorphenvinphos (35.4%), but the higher concentrations were associated to pyrethrins and piperonil butoxide.
考虑到蜜蜂对授粉活动和生物多样性保护的重要性，不同的研究都涉及到农药对蜜蜂健康的影响。在蜂箱内，蜂蜡是一个特别引人关注的基质，因为在农业和养蜂活动中使用的大多数化学物质在处理停止后很容易在这个基质中积累和持久存在，从而影响蜜蜂的生存。然而，对蜂蜡中农药残留的化学分析并非强制性的，因此蜂蜡没有残留限量。本研究旨在调查意大利蜂箱中蜂蜡的残留情况。从 2013 年到 2015 年，共分析了 178 个蜂蜡样本，其中 247 种农药。73.6%的分析样本报告存在一种或多种农药。平均每个样本显示了三种不同的农药，每种农药的最大含量为 14 种，其中一些在欧洲被禁用或在意大利未获授权。出现频率较高的是三种杀螨剂：氯菊酯（60.7%的样本）、噻虫嗪（50%）和氯苯磷（35.4%），但高浓度与除虫菊酯和胡椒基丁醚有关。
