College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Sino-German Cooperative Research Center for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China, 271018.
Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an City, PR China, 270016.
Poult Sci. 2018 Mar 1;97(3):995-1005. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex388.
Bacteria and fungi are primary constituents of airborne microbes in fine particulate matter and harmful to health. To evaluate the environmental quality of different poultry houses in Shandong Province, China, the airborne aerobic bacteria, airborne fungi, and airborne Escherichia coli were collected by the Andersen-6 air microorganism sampler. The fine particulate matter was collected by a ZR-3920 ambient air particulate matter sampler, and bacterial and fungal diversities and relative abundances analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the concentrations of airborne aerobic bacteria, airborne fungi, and airborne Escherichia coli in poultry houses were 0.167 to 4.484 × 104 CFU/m3, 0.236 to 4.735 × 103 CFU/m3, and 0 to 33.0 CFU/m3, respectively. 11.4 to 34.3% of aerobic bacteria and 16.8 to 37.5% of fungi were distributed at levels 5 and 6 (0.6 to 2.1 μm, the particle sizes similar to fine particulate matter) in the Andersen sampler. The concentration of fine particulate matter in the poultry houses was 114 to 230 μg/m3, which was higher than the safety value 10 specified by WHO. In fine particulate matter, the main bacteria at phylum level were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, whereas the dominant phylum of fungus was Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Importantly, the relative abundances of Escherichia and Corynebacterium in the broiler houses were greater than those in layer houses. However, the percentages of Aspergillus and Penicillium were 13.5 and 0.56%, with a relatively high level in the layer houses. Altogether, results revealed that the ambient air quality in the poultry houses sampled had a relatively high abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria and concentration of fine particulate matter, which could threaten the health of animals and workers in those environments.
细菌和真菌是空气中细颗粒物中微生物的主要成分，对健康有害。为了评估中国山东省不同家禽养殖场的环境质量，使用 Andersen-6 空气微生物采样器采集了空气中需氧细菌、空气中真菌和空气中大肠杆菌。使用 ZR-3920 环境空气颗粒物采样器采集细颗粒物，并使用高通量测序分析细菌和真菌的多样性和相对丰度。结果表明，家禽养殖场空气中需氧细菌、空气中真菌和空气中大肠杆菌的浓度分别为 0.167 至 4.484×104 CFU/m3、0.236 至 4.735×103 CFU/m3 和 0 至 33.0 CFU/m3。Andersen 采样器中 5 级和 6 级（粒径为 0.6 至 2.1 μm，与细颗粒物相似）分布的需氧细菌和真菌分别为 11.4%至 34.3%和 16.8%至 37.5%。家禽养殖场的细颗粒物浓度为 114 至 230μg/m3，高于世界卫生组织规定的 10 安全值。在细颗粒物中，门水平的主要细菌为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门，而真菌的主要门为子囊菌门和担子菌门。重要的是，肉鸡舍中大肠杆菌和棒状杆菌的相对丰度大于蛋鸡舍。然而，曲霉属和青霉属的百分比分别为 13.5%和 0.56%，在蛋鸡舍中相对较高。总之，结果表明，所采样家禽养殖场的环境空气质量条件致病菌和细颗粒物浓度相对较高，可能会威胁这些环境中的动物和工人的健康。
