Snowden Aleksandra J, Hockin Sara, Pridemore William Alex
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2020 Aug;35(15-16):2639-2662. doi: 10.1177/0886260517719080. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
The aim of this study was to explore the neighborhood-level association between alcohol outlet density and non-intimate partner violent victimization rates among females. Violent offending and victimization are more prevalent for males than females, and most research on alcohol outlets and violence emphasizes males. Studies that do focus on alcohol outlets and female violent victimization tend to focus on intimate partner violence (IPV), yet non-IPV events are over three quarters of all female violent victimization incidents in the United States. We collected data on violent victimization rates, on- and off-premise alcohol outlet density, and neighborhood-level covariates of violence rates for Milwaukee block groups. We used spatially lagged regression models to test this association, to compare non-IPV results with those for overall female violent victimization rates, and to compare results for females with those for males. Our findings showed density of both on- and off-premise alcohol outlets was positively associated with non-IPV female violent victimization rates, which is an important finding given lack of research on this topic. We also found results for females (both overall and non-IPV violent victimization) were generally the same as for males, but the effect of off-premise outlets on non-IPV female violent victimization rates was weaker than the same association for males. Our findings have clear policy implications for local jurisdictions. Alcohol outlet density is important for both female and male violent victimization. Limiting the licensing of alcohol-selling establishments, especially those that engage in irresponsible retail practices, may be a suitable approach to address violent victimization.
本研究的目的是探讨社区层面酒精销售点密度与女性非亲密伴侣暴力受害率之间的关联。暴力犯罪和受害在男性中比在女性中更为普遍，并且大多数关于酒精销售点与暴力的研究都侧重于男性。那些确实关注酒精销售点与女性暴力受害情况的研究往往聚焦于亲密伴侣暴力（IPV），然而在美国，非亲密伴侣暴力事件占所有女性暴力受害事件的四分之三以上。我们收集了密尔沃基街区组的暴力受害率、店内和店外酒精销售点密度以及暴力率的社区层面协变量的数据。我们使用空间滞后回归模型来检验这种关联，将非亲密伴侣暴力的结果与总体女性暴力受害率的结果进行比较，并将女性的结果与男性的结果进行比较。我们的研究结果表明，店内和店外酒精销售点的密度均与女性非亲密伴侣暴力受害率呈正相关，鉴于对此主题缺乏研究，这是一个重要发现。我们还发现，女性（总体暴力受害和非亲密伴侣暴力受害）的结果通常与男性相同，但店外销售点对女性非亲密伴侣暴力受害率的影响比对男性的相同关联影响要弱。我们的研究结果对地方司法管辖区具有明确的政策含义。酒精销售点密度对女性和男性暴力受害情况都很重要。限制酒类销售场所的许可证发放，尤其是那些从事不负责任零售行为的场所，可能是应对暴力受害问题的一种合适方法。
