Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA.
J Urban Health. 2011 Apr;88(2):191-200. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9549-6.
Neighborhood indicators of social disadvantage, such as poverty and unemployment, are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite the well-established link between heavy drinking and IPV, few studies have analyzed the contribution of alcohol outlet density to the occurrence of IPV. Greater numbers of alcohol outlets in a community may be a sign of loosened normative constraints against violence, promote problem drinking among at-risk couples, and provide environments where groups of persons at risk for IPV may form and mutually reinforce IPV-related attitudes, norms, and problem behaviors. This study used ecological data to determine if alcohol outlet density (number of bars, restaurants serving alcohol, and off-premise outlets per unit area) is related to rates of IPV-related police calls and IPV-related crime reports in Sacramento, California. Separate analyses for IPV calls and crime reports were conducted using Bayesian space-time models adjusted for area characteristics (poverty rate, unemployment rate, racial/ethnic composition). The results showed that each additional off-premise alcohol outlet is associated with an approximate 4% increase in IPV-related police calls and an approximate 3% increase in IPV-related crime reports. Bars and restaurants were not associated with either outcome. The findings suggest that alcohol outlet density, especially off-premise outlets, appear to be related to IPV events. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which neighborhood factors, such as alcohol outlet density, affect IPV behaviors. Understanding these mechanisms is of public health importance for developing environmental IPV prevention strategies, such as changes in zoning, community action, education, and enforcement activities.
社区社会劣势指标，如贫困和失业，与亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）有关。尽管大量饮酒与 IPV 之间存在明确联系，但很少有研究分析酒精销售点密度对 IPV 发生的贡献。社区中更多的酒精销售点可能是暴力规范约束放松的标志，促进了高危夫妇的问题饮酒，并为可能形成和相互强化与 IPV 相关的态度、规范和问题行为的高危人群群体提供了环境。本研究使用生态数据来确定加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托的酒精销售点密度（每单位面积的酒吧、供应酒精的餐馆和场外销售点的数量）是否与与 IPV 相关的警察呼叫和与 IPV 相关的犯罪报告率有关。使用贝叶斯时空模型对与 IPV 相关的呼叫和犯罪报告进行了单独分析，该模型针对区域特征（贫困率、失业率、种族/民族构成）进行了调整。结果表明，每增加一个场外酒精销售点，与 IPV 相关的警察呼叫增加约 4%，与 IPV 相关的犯罪报告增加约 3%。酒吧和餐馆与这两种结果都没有关联。研究结果表明，酒精销售点密度，尤其是场外销售点，似乎与 IPV 事件有关。需要进一步研究以了解社区因素（如酒精销售点密度）如何通过影响 IPV 行为。了解这些机制对于制定环境 IPV 预防策略（如改变分区、社区行动、教育和执法活动）具有公共卫生意义。
