Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Elife. 2018 Jan 4;7:e30413. doi: 10.7554/eLife.30413.
Successful neurogenesis requires adequate proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny, followed by neuronal differentiation, maturation and survival. NSCs inhabit a complex cellular microenvironment, the niche, which influences their behaviour. To ensure sustained neurogenesis, niche cells must respond to extrinsic, environmental changes whilst fulfilling the intrinsic requirements of the neurogenic program and adapting their roles accordingly. However, very little is known about how different niche cells adjust their properties to such inputs. Here, we show that nutritional and NSC-derived signals induce the remodelling of cortex glia, adapting this glial niche to the evolving needs of NSCs. First, nutrition-induced activation of PI3K/Akt drives the cortex glia to expand their membrane processes. Second, when NSCs emerge from quiescence to resume proliferation, they signal to glia to promote membrane remodelling and the formation of a bespoke structure around each NSC lineage. The remodelled glial niche is essential for newborn neuron survival.
成功的神经发生需要足够的神经干细胞（NSCs）及其后代的增殖，随后是神经元分化、成熟和存活。NSCs 栖息在一个复杂的细胞微环境中，即龛位，它影响着它们的行为。为了确保持续的神经发生，龛位细胞必须对外在的环境变化做出反应，同时满足神经发生程序的内在要求，并相应地调整它们的角色。然而，人们对不同龛位细胞如何调整其特性以适应这些输入知之甚少。在这里，我们表明营养和 NSC 衍生的信号诱导大脑皮层胶质细胞的重塑，从而使这个胶质龛位适应 NSCs 不断变化的需求。首先，营养诱导的 PI3K/Akt 激活促使大脑皮层胶质细胞扩展它们的细胞膜突起。其次，当 NSCs 从静止状态中恢复增殖时，它们向胶质细胞发出信号，促进膜重塑，并在每个 NSC 谱系周围形成一个特定的结构。重塑的胶质龛位对于新生神经元的存活至关重要。
