Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Chem Rev. 2018 Jan 24;118(2):747-800. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00571. Epub 2018 Jan 4.
Sustainable solvents are a topic of growing interest in both the research community and the chemical industry due to a growing awareness of the impact of solvents on pollution, energy usage, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Solvent losses represent a major portion of organic pollution, and solvent removal represents a large proportion of process energy consumption. To counter these issues, a range of greener or more sustainable solvents have been proposed and developed over the past three decades. Much of the focus has been on the environmental credentials of the solvent itself, although how a substance is deployed is as important to sustainability as what it is made from. In this Review, we consider several aspects of the most prominent sustainable organic solvents in use today, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, liquid polymers, and renewable solvents. We examine not only the performance of each class of solvent within the context of the reactions or extractions for which it is employed, but also give consideration to the wider context of the process and system within which the solvent is deployed. A wide range of technical, economic, and environmental factors are considered, giving a more complete picture of the current status of sustainable solvent research and development.
由于人们越来越意识到溶剂对污染、能源使用以及对空气质量和气候变化的影响，可持续溶剂在研究界和化学工业中都是一个日益受到关注的话题。溶剂的损失占有机污染的很大一部分，而溶剂的去除则代表了工艺能源消耗的很大一部分。为了解决这些问题，在过去的三十年中，已经提出并开发了一系列更环保或更可持续的溶剂。其中大部分重点都放在了溶剂本身的环境信誉上，尽管物质的使用方式与它的制造材料一样对可持续性很重要。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了当今使用的几种最突出的可持续有机溶剂，包括离子液体、深共晶溶剂、超临界流体、可切换溶剂、液体聚合物和可再生溶剂。我们不仅研究了每种溶剂类在其被应用的反应或提取中的性能，还考虑了溶剂被使用的过程和系统的更广泛的背景。我们考虑了广泛的技术、经济和环境因素，从而更全面地了解可持续溶剂研究和开发的现状。
