Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Dec 31;19(1):107. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010107.
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most prominent kidney cancer derived from renal tubules and accounts for roughly 85% of all malignant kidney cancer. Every year, over 60,000 new cases are registered, and about 14,000 people die from RCC. The incidence of this has been increasing significantly in the U.S. and other countries. An increased understanding of molecular biology and the genomics of RCC has uncovered several signaling pathways involved in the progression of this cancer. Significant advances in the treatment of RCC have been reported from agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that target these pathways. These agents have become drugs of choice because they demonstrate clinical benefit and increased survival in patients with metastatic disease. However, the patients eventually relapse and develop resistance to these drugs. To improve outcomes and seek approaches for producing long-term durable remission, the search for more effective therapies and preventative strategies are warranted. Treatment of RCC using natural products is one of these strategies to reduce the incidence. However, recent studies have focused on these chemoprevention agents as anti-cancer therapies given they can inhibit tumor cell grow and lack the severe side effects common to synthetic compounds. This review elaborates on the current understanding of natural products and their mechanisms of action as anti-cancer agents. The present review will provide information for possible use of these products alone or in combination with chemotherapy for the prevention and treatment of RCC.
肾细胞癌（RCC）是最常见的源于肾小管的肾脏恶性肿瘤，约占所有恶性肾肿瘤的 85%。每年新发病例超过 60,000 例，约 14,000 人死于 RCC。在美国和其他国家，这种疾病的发病率显著增加。对 RCC 的分子生物学和基因组学的深入了解揭示了几种参与这种癌症进展的信号通路。美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准的针对这些通路的药物在 RCC 的治疗方面取得了重大进展。这些药物已成为首选药物，因为它们在转移性疾病患者中显示出临床益处和生存率提高。然而，患者最终会复发并对这些药物产生耐药性。为了改善预后并寻求产生长期持久缓解的方法，有必要寻找更有效的治疗方法和预防策略。使用天然产物治疗 RCC 是降低发病率的策略之一。然而，最近的研究集中在这些化学预防剂作为抗癌疗法上，因为它们可以抑制肿瘤细胞生长，而且缺乏与合成化合物常见的严重副作用。本综述详细阐述了天然产物及其作为抗癌剂的作用机制的最新认识。本综述将为这些产品单独或与化疗联合用于预防和治疗 RCC 提供信息。
