Patock-Peckham Julie A, Canning Jessica R, Leeman Robert F
Arizona State University.
University of Florida.
Pers Individ Dif. 2018 Jan 15;121:62-66. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.023. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Tension Reduction Theory (Kushner et al., 1994) suggests alcohol is used as a means to alleviate negative affect (NA) such as shame and guilt. Shame is an internalized response in which blame is placed on the self, while guilt is not internalized and the blame is placed on the situation (Dearing et al., 2005). This study aims to investigate relationships of shame and guilt to alcohol use and problems through the mechanisms of multiple facets of impulsivity (i.e. UPPS) and impaired control over drinking (IC), which reflect behavioral control processes. The sample consisted of 419 college students (53% female). We examined direct and indirect relationships of shame and guilt on alcohol use and related problems through facets of impulsivity and IC. Shame and guilt were found to diverge (Woien et al., 2003). We found that those higher on shame-proneness used more alcohol and experienced more alcohol-related problems through increased negative urgency and IC. Conversely, guilt-prone individuals used less alcohol and experienced fewer alcohol-related problems through less negative urgency and IC. Our findings suggest that guilt is an adaptive form of negative affect, particularly when it comes to alcohol-related outcomes.
减压理论（库什纳等人，1994年）表明，酒精被用作减轻诸如羞耻和内疚等负面影响（NA）的一种手段。羞耻是一种内化的反应，将责备指向自身，而内疚则不是内化的，责备指向情境（迪林等人，2005年）。本研究旨在通过反映行为控制过程的冲动性多方面机制（即UPPS）和饮酒控制受损（IC），探讨羞耻和内疚与酒精使用及问题之间的关系。样本包括419名大学生（53%为女性）。我们通过冲动性和IC的多方面机制，研究了羞耻和内疚与酒精使用及相关问题之间的直接和间接关系。研究发现羞耻和内疚存在差异（沃恩等人，2003年）。我们发现，羞耻倾向较高的人饮酒更多，且通过增加消极紧迫性和IC，经历了更多与酒精相关的问题。相反，内疚倾向较高的人饮酒较少，且通过较少的消极紧迫性和IC，经历了较少与酒精相关的问题。我们的研究结果表明，内疚是负面影响的一种适应性形式，尤其是在与酒精相关的结果方面。
