Carnì Serena, Petrocchi Nicola, Del Miglio Carlamaria, Mancini Francesco, Couyoumdjian Alessandro
, Rome, Italy,
Cogn Process. 2013 Nov;14(4):333-46. doi: 10.1007/s10339-013-0570-4. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
Various authors hold that some emotions (i.e., moral emotions) have the function of orienting people toward ethical actions. In addition to embarrassment, shame and pride, the moral emotion of guilt is believed to affect humans' behavior when they carry out transgressions that violate social and cultural standards. Over the past century, many studies (including controversial ones) have been conducted on guilt. In this study, we analyzed and summarized mainly the most recent literature on this emotion. On one side, the destructiveness of guilt is emphasized. It inflicts punishment and pain on individuals for their errors and can lead to psychopathology (e.g., depression). On the other side, it is described as a "friendly" emotion that motivates behavior adapted to social and cultural rules. How can this asymmetry be explained? Different existing views on guilt are presented and discussed, together with recent proposals, supported by research data. Finally, we discussed some systematic models that try to incorporate these different views in a single framework that could facilitate future researches.
不同的作者认为，某些情绪（即道德情绪）具有引导人们做出道德行为的功能。除了尴尬、羞耻和自豪之外，内疚这种道德情绪被认为会在人们做出违反社会和文化标准的违规行为时影响其行为。在过去的一个世纪里，人们针对内疚进行了许多研究（包括有争议的研究）。在本研究中，我们主要分析和总结了关于这种情绪的最新文献。一方面，内疚的破坏性得到了强调。它会因个人的错误而给他们带来惩罚和痛苦，并可能导致精神病理学（例如抑郁症）。另一方面，它被描述为一种“友好”的情绪，能够激发适应社会和文化规则的行为。如何解释这种不对称性呢？我们将介绍和讨论关于内疚的不同现有观点，以及由研究数据支持的近期提议。最后，我们讨论了一些系统性模型，这些模型试图将这些不同观点纳入一个单一框架，以促进未来的研究。
