Iosa Marco, Morone Giovanni, Paolucci Stefano
Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Biosystems. 2018 Mar;165:31-39. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.01.001. Epub 2018 Jan 6.
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the use of the so-called golden ratio (Phi, ϕ), an irrational number with fractal properties, used in artworks since V century BC. and now for modelling complex biological structures and functions. This number, in fact, recursively pops-up in human history, from Ancient Greeks to Renaissance, and to contemporary scientific studies. Nevertheless, recent scientific results often fall between two extremes: those of a priori sceptic researchers accusing the artificial emergence of ϕ in many studies, and those of researchers that find a mystic meaning in the presence of ϕ in human physiology. This review moves between these two extremes to provide a scientifically based discussion about the possible presence of Phi in human physiology, psychology, and biomechanics of heart and locomotion. We provide scientific evidence, analysing reasons for the presence of Phi, reporting the weakness of some studies overstating the potential meaning of this number, and reporting the reasons for which it could be actually found in some biological structures and functions.
近年来，人们对所谓的黄金比例（Phi，ϕ）的应用重新产生了兴趣。黄金比例是一个具有分形特性的无理数，自公元前5世纪起就被用于艺术品创作，如今也用于对复杂生物结构和功能进行建模。事实上，这个数字在人类历史中反复出现，从古希腊到文艺复兴，再到当代科学研究。然而，最近的科学成果往往介于两个极端之间：一方面，一些先验怀疑论的研究人员指责在许多研究中黄金比例是人为出现的；另一方面，一些研究人员在人类生理学中发现了黄金比例的神秘意义。这篇综述在这两个极端之间展开，以提供基于科学的讨论，探讨黄金比例在人类生理学、心理学以及心脏和运动生物力学中可能存在的情况。我们提供科学证据，分析黄金比例存在的原因，指出一些夸大该数字潜在意义的研究的不足之处，并阐述在某些生物结构和功能中实际发现它的原因。
