Sokolowska Milena, Frei Remo, Lunjani Nonhlanhla, Akdis Cezmi A, O'Mahony Liam
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.
Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
Asthma Res Pract. 2018 Jan 5;4:1. doi: 10.1186/s40733-017-0037-y. eCollection 2018.
The mucosal immune system is in constant communication with the vast diversity of microbes present on body surfaces. The discovery of novel molecular mechanisms, which mediate host-microbe communication, have highlighted the important roles played by microbes in influencing mucosal immune responses. Dendritic cells, epithelial cells, ILCs, T regulatory cells, effector lymphocytes, NKT cells and B cells can all be influenced by the microbiome. Many of the mechanisms being described are bacterial strain- or metabolite-specific. Microbial dysbiosis in the gut and the lung is increasingly being associated with the incidence and severity of asthma. More accurate endotyping of patients with asthma may be assisted by further analysis of the composition and metabolic activity of an individual's microbiome. In addition, the efficacy of specific therapeutics may be influenced by the microbiome and novel bacterial-based therapeutics should be considered in future clinical studies.
黏膜免疫系统与体表存在的种类繁多的微生物持续进行交流。介导宿主与微生物交流的新型分子机制的发现，凸显了微生物在影响黏膜免疫反应中所起的重要作用。树突状细胞、上皮细胞、固有淋巴细胞、调节性T细胞、效应淋巴细胞、自然杀伤T细胞和B细胞均会受到微生物群的影响。目前所描述的许多机制具有细菌菌株或代谢产物特异性。肠道和肺部的微生物失调与哮喘的发病率及严重程度的关联日益增加。对个体微生物群的组成和代谢活性进行进一步分析，可能有助于对哮喘患者进行更准确的内型分类。此外，微生物群可能会影响特定疗法的疗效，未来临床研究应考虑新型的基于细菌的疗法。
