Vande Griek Olivia H, Clark Malissa A, Witte Tracy K, Nett Randall J, Moeller Amanda N, Stabler Margaret E
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018 Jan 15;252(2):227-233. doi: 10.2460/javma.252.2.227.
OBJECTIVE To develop a comprehensive taxonomy of practice-related stressors experienced by US veterinarians. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE A subset of 1,422 US veterinarians who provided written (vs selected) responses to a question in a previous survey regarding practice-related stressors. PROCEDURES Using grounded theory analysis, 3 researchers inductively analyzed written survey responses concerning respondents' main practice-related stressors. In 5 iterations, responses were individually coded and categorized, and a final list of practice-related stressor categories and subcategories was iteratively and collaboratively developed until theoretical and analytic saturation of the data was achieved. RESULTS A taxonomy of 15 categories of broad practice-related stressors and 40 subcategories of more specific practice-related stressors was developed. The most common practice-related stressor categories included financial insecurity (n = 289 [20.3%]), client issues (254 [17.9%]), coworker or interpersonal issues (181 [12.7%]), and work-life balance (166 [11.7%]). The most common subcategories were clients unwilling to pay (118 [8.3%]), low income (98 [6.9%]), cost of maintaining practice (56 [3.9%]), and government or state board policies (48 [3.4%]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provided a comprehensive list of the types of practice-related stressors experienced by US veterinarians, building a foundation for future research into relationships between job stress and mental health in this population. Frequency data on the various stressors provided an initial understanding of factors that might be contributing to high stress rates among US veterinarians.
目的 制定美国兽医所经历的与执业相关应激源的综合分类法。设计 横断面调查。样本 1422 名美国兽医的一个子集，他们对之前一项关于与执业相关应激源的调查中的一个问题提供了书面（而非选定）答复。程序 3 名研究人员采用扎根理论分析法，对有关受访者主要与执业相关应激源的书面调查答复进行归纳分析。在 5 次迭代中，对答复进行单独编码和分类，并反复协作制定与执业相关应激源类别和子类别的最终清单，直至数据达到理论饱和与分析饱和。结果 制定了 15 个宽泛的与执业相关应激源类别和 40 个更具体的与执业相关应激源子类别的分类法。最常见的与执业相关应激源类别包括财务不安全（n = 289 [20.3%]）、客户问题（254 [17.9%]）、同事或人际问题（181 [12.7%]）以及工作与生活平衡（166 [11.7%]）。最常见的子类别是客户不愿付费（118 [8.3%]）、收入低（98 [6.9%]）、维持执业的成本（56 [3.9%]）以及政府或州委员会政策（48 [3.4%]）。结论与临床意义 本研究提供了美国兽医所经历的与执业相关应激源类型的综合清单，为今后研究该人群工作压力与心理健康之间的关系奠定了基础。关于各种应激源的频率数据初步揭示了可能导致美国兽医压力率高的因素。
