Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244.
Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2018 May;106(5):1428-1439. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.36334. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
Magnesium (Mg) and galvanically coupled magnesium-titanium (Mg-Ti) particles in vitro have been reported previously to kill cells in a dosage-dependent manner. Mg-Ti particles kill cells more effectively than Mg alone, due to the galvanic effect of Mg and Ti. This study further investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of Mg and Mg-Ti in terms of particle concentration, cell density, time, and proximity. Cell density has an effect on cell viability only at low particle concentrations (below 250 µg/mL), where cell viability dropped only for lower cell densities (5000-10,000 cells/cm ) and not for higher cell densities (20,000-30,000 cells/cm ), showing that the particles cannot kill if there are more cells present. Cytotoxicity of Mg and Mg-Ti particles is quick and temporary, where the particles kill cells only during particle corrosion (first 24 h). Depending on the percentage of surviving cells, particle concentrations, and ongoing corrosion activity, the remaining live cells either proliferated and recovered, or just remained viable and quiescent. The particle killing is also proximity-dependent, where cell viability was significantly higher for cells far away from the particles (greater than ∼1 mm) compared to those close to the particles (less than ∼1 mm). Although the increase of pH does affect cell viability negatively, it is not the sole killing factor since cell viability is significantly dependent on particle type and proximity but not pH. Mg and Mg-Ti particles used in this study are large enough to prevent direct cell phagocytosis so that the cell killing effect may be attributed to solely electrochemical reactions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1428-1439, 2018.
镁（Mg）和电偶合镁钛（Mg-Ti）颗粒在体外已被报道可剂量依赖性地杀死细胞。由于 Mg 和 Ti 的电偶效应，Mg-Ti 颗粒比单独的 Mg 更有效地杀死细胞。本研究进一步从颗粒浓度、细胞密度、时间和接近度等方面研究了 Mg 和 Mg-Ti 的体外细胞毒性。细胞密度仅在低颗粒浓度（低于 250 µg/mL）下对细胞活力有影响，其中仅较低的细胞密度（5000-10000 个细胞/cm ）的细胞活力下降，而较高的细胞密度（20000-30000 个细胞/cm ）的细胞活力没有下降，这表明如果有更多的细胞存在，颗粒就无法杀死细胞。Mg 和 Mg-Ti 颗粒的细胞毒性迅速且暂时，仅在颗粒腐蚀期间（前 24 小时）杀死细胞。根据存活细胞的百分比、颗粒浓度和持续的腐蚀活性，剩余的活细胞要么增殖和恢复，要么只是保持存活和静止。颗粒的杀伤也与接近度有关，远离颗粒的细胞（大于约 1mm）的细胞活力明显高于靠近颗粒的细胞（小于约 1mm）。尽管 pH 值的升高确实会对细胞活力产生负面影响，但它不是唯一的杀伤因素，因为细胞活力不仅取决于颗粒类型和接近度，还取决于 pH 值。本研究中使用的 Mg 和 Mg-Ti 颗粒足够大，可防止细胞直接吞噬，因此细胞杀伤作用可能仅归因于电化学反应。© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J 生物材料 Res 部分 A：106A：1428-1439，2018。
