San Diego Zoo Global, Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, United States.
Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, 3400 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States.
Theriogenology. 2018 Mar 15;109:70-81. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.005. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
Amphibian evolution spans over 350 million years, consequently this taxonomic group displays a wide, complex array of physiological adaptations and their diverse modes of reproduction are a prime example. Reproduction can be affected by taxonomy, geographic and altitudinal distribution, and environmental factors. With some exceptions, amphibians can be categorized into discontinuous (strictly seasonal) and continuous breeders. Temperature and its close association with other proximate and genetic factors control reproduction via a tight relationship with circadian rhythms which drive genetic and hormonal responses to the environment. In recent times, the relationship of proximate factors and reproduction has directly or indirectly lead to the decline of this taxonomic group. Conservationists are tackling the rapid loss of species through a wide range of approaches including captive rescue. However, there is still much to be learned about the mechanisms of reproductive control and its requirements in order to fabricate species-appropriate captive environments that address a variety of reproductive strategies. As with other taxonomic groups, assisted reproductive technologies and other reproductive monitoring tools such as ultrasound, hormone analysis and body condition indices can assist conservationists in optimizing captive husbandry and breeding. In this review we discuss some of the mechanisms of ovarian control and the different tools being used to monitor female reproduction.
两栖动物的进化跨越了 3.5 亿年，因此这个分类群表现出广泛而复杂的生理适应，其多样化的繁殖方式就是一个很好的例子。繁殖会受到分类、地理和海拔分布以及环境因素的影响。除了一些例外，两栖动物可以分为不连续（严格季节性）和连续繁殖者。温度及其与其他近因和遗传因素的密切关联通过与昼夜节律的紧密关系来控制繁殖，昼夜节律驱动遗传和激素对环境的反应。最近，近因因素与繁殖的关系直接或间接地导致了这个分类群的衰落。保护主义者正在通过广泛的方法来应对物种的快速消失，包括圈养救助。然而，为了制造适合物种的圈养环境，以应对各种繁殖策略，仍然需要了解更多关于生殖控制的机制及其要求。与其他分类群一样，辅助生殖技术和其他生殖监测工具，如超声波、激素分析和身体状况指数，可以帮助保护主义者优化圈养管理和繁殖。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了一些卵巢控制的机制以及用于监测雌性生殖的不同工具。
