A SUV-based propensity matched analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy versus surgery in stage I non-small cell lung cancer: unveiling the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in clinical decision-making.

BACKGROUND

The value of maximum standard uptake value (SUV) was overlooked in current studies comparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) versus surgery for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we aimed to compare the 3-year outcomes based on patients for whom SUV were available, and to explore the role of SUV in clinical decision-making.

METHODS

From January 2010 to June 2016, data of eligible patients were collected. Patient variables and clinical outcomes were compared in both unmatched and matched groups using propensity score matching (PSM). Multivariate analysis was performed for predictors of poor outcome. The relationship between treatment approach and survival outcome was also evaluated in subgroup patients stratified by SUV level.

RESULTS

A total of 425 patients treated with either surgery (325) or SBRT (100) were included. Patients receiving SBRT were significantly older, had a higher level of SUV and were more likely to have tumor of centrally located. Multivariate analysis showed that SUV and tumor size were significant predictors for 3-year OS, LRC, and PFS, while better PFS was also related to peripheral tumor and surgery. The result of PSM analysis also showed that compared to SBRT, surgery could only achieve better PFS. Subgroup analysis indicated that surgery had added advantage of 3-year LRC and PFS for patients in high SUV group (SUV > 8), but not in low SUV group.

CONCLUSIONS

The study found a superior PFS after surgery while OS and LRC did not differ between SBRT and surgery. Surgery should be recommended for tumor of high SUV.