Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China.
Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China.
Pest Manag Sci. 2018 Jul;74(7):1654-1663. doi: 10.1002/ps.4857. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
The dissipation behavior, pre-harvest interval and dietary risk of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites were investigated in greenhouse cucumber in Tianjin, northern China, to ensure raw consumption safety.
Carbosulfan was metabolized to carbofuran, dibutylamine, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran, and dimethoate was degraded to omethoate in cucumber fruits and leaves. The dissipation of carbosulfan, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and dimethoate fitted first-order kinetics well, with R ranging from 0.912 to 0.992, and their half-lives were 2.6, 2.7, 2.4 and 5.2 days in cucumber fruits and 2.8, 3.0, 4.6 and 2.5 days in leaves, respectively. The estimated daily intakes of the active ingredients and their relevant metabolites were 0.1-4% of the corresponding acceptable daily intakes. Acute oral exposure to carbofuran (a metabolite of carbosulfan) represented 367% of the acute reference dose (ARfD) for 1-6-year-old Chinese children and 227% for the general Chinese population.
A minimum pre-harvest interval of 12 days for carbosulfan is proposed to ensure safe consumption of cucumber. The slow dissipation rate of omethoate in cucumber reveals that a longer pre-harvest interval (≥ 27 days) is necessary to prevent dietary risk when dimethoate is applied to cucumber. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
为确保生食安全，本研究在中国天津的温室黄瓜中调查了噻虫啉、乐果及其相关代谢物的消解动态、休药期和膳食风险。
噻虫啉在黄瓜果实和叶片中代谢为克百威、二丁基胺、3-羟基克百威和 3-羰基克百威，乐果降解为氧乐果。噻虫啉、克百威、3-羟基克百威和乐果在黄瓜中的消解均符合一级动力学，相关系数（R²）范围为 0.912-0.992，半衰期分别为 2.6、2.7、2.4 和 5.2 天（果实）和 2.8、3.0、4.6 和 2.5 天（叶片）。活性成分及其相关代谢物的日摄入量估计值分别为相应可接受日摄入量的 0.1%-4%。急性经口摄入克百威（噻虫啉的代谢物）对 1-6 岁中国儿童和普通中国人群的急性参考剂量（ARfD）分别为 367%和 227%。
噻虫啉的最小休药期建议为 12 天，以确保黄瓜食用安全。氧乐果在黄瓜中的消解缓慢，表明当乐果应用于黄瓜时，需要更长的休药期（≥27 天）以防止膳食风险。 © 2018 英国化学学会。
