细菌对抗菌药物耐药性的机制。
Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents.
机构信息
Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
出版信息
Microbiol Spectr. 2018 Jan;6(1). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0019-2017.
During the past decades resistance to virtually all antimicrobial agents has been observed in bacteria of animal origin. This chapter describes in detail the mechanisms so far encountered for the various classes of antimicrobial agents. The main mechanisms include enzymatic inactivation by either disintegration or chemical modification of antimicrobial agents, reduced intracellular accumulation by either decreased influx or increased efflux of antimicrobial agents, and modifications at the cellular target sites (i.e., mutational changes, chemical modification, protection, or even replacement of the target sites). Often several mechanisms interact to enhance bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. This is a completely revised version of the corresponding chapter in the book published in 2006. New sections have been added for oxazolidinones, polypeptides, mupirocin, ansamycins, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, and streptomycins, and the chapters for the remaining classes of antimicrobial agents have been completely updated to cover the advances in knowledge gained since 2006.
在过去的几十年中，几乎所有抗菌药物在动物源细菌中都出现了耐药性。本章详细描述了迄今为止遇到的各种类别的抗菌药物的机制。主要机制包括通过破坏或化学修饰抗菌药物使酶失活，通过减少抗菌药物的流入或增加流出而减少细胞内积累，以及对细胞靶位的修饰（即突变、化学修饰、保护甚至靶位的替换）。通常，几种机制相互作用以增强细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性。这是 2006 年出版的同名书籍中相应章节的完全修订版。新增了关于恶唑烷酮类、多肽类、莫匹罗星、安莎霉素类、磷霉素、夫西地酸和链霉素的章节，其余类别的抗菌药物章节也进行了全面更新，以涵盖自 2006 年以来获得的知识进展。
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