Sadeghi Ekbatan Shima, Iskandar Michele M, Sleno Lekha, Sabally Kebba, Khairallah Joelle, Prakash Satya, Kubow Stan
School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X3V9, Canada.
Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Jeanne-Mance, Montreal, QC H2X2J6, Canada.
Foods. 2018 Jan 12;7(1):8. doi: 10.3390/foods7010008.
The bioactivity of dietary polyphenols depends upon gastrointestinal and hepatic metabolism of secondary microbial phenolic metabolites generated via colonic microbiota-mediated biotransformation. A polyphenol-rich potato extract (PRPE) containing chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acids and rutin was digested in a dynamic multi-reactor gastrointestinal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (GI model). Simulated digestion showed extensive degradation of the parent compounds and the generation of microbial phenolic metabolites. To characterize the transport and metabolism of microbial phenolic metabolites following digestion, a co-culture of intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepG2 cells was exposed to the PRPE-derived digests obtained from the colonic vessels. Following a 2 h incubation of the digesta with the Caco-2/HepG2 co-cultures, approximately 10-15% of ferulic, dihydrocaffeic, and dihydroferulic acids and 3-5% of 3-hydroxybenzoic, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic, and coumaric acids were observed in the basolateral side, whereas 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, phenylpropanoic acid, and cinnamic acid were not detected. Subsequent HepG2 cellular metabolism led to major increases in ferulic, dihydrocaffeic, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic, and coumaric acids ranging from 160-370%. These findings highlight the importance of hepatic metabolism towards the generation of secondary metabolites of polyphenols despite low selective Caco-2 cellular uptake of microbial phenolic metabolites.
膳食多酚的生物活性取决于通过结肠微生物群介导的生物转化产生的次级微生物酚类代谢产物的胃肠道和肝脏代谢。一种富含多酚的马铃薯提取物（PRPE），含有绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸和芦丁，在人类肠道微生物生态系统的动态多反应器胃肠道模拟器（GI模型）中进行消化。模拟消化显示母体化合物大量降解，并产生微生物酚类代谢产物。为了表征消化后微生物酚类代谢产物的转运和代谢，将肠道Caco-2细胞和肝脏HepG2细胞的共培养物暴露于从结肠血管获得的PRPE衍生消化物中。将消化物与Caco-2/HepG2共培养物孵育2小时后，在基底外侧观察到约10-15%的阿魏酸、二氢咖啡酸和二氢阿魏酸以及3-5%的3-羟基苯甲酸、3-羟基苯丙酸和香豆酸，而未检测到3-羟基苯乙酸、苯丙酸和肉桂酸。随后的HepG2细胞代谢导致阿魏酸、二氢咖啡酸、3-羟基苯丙酸和香豆酸大幅增加，增幅在160-370%之间。这些发现突出了肝脏代谢对多酚次级代谢产物生成的重要性，尽管微生物酚类代谢产物在Caco-2细胞中的选择性摄取较低。
