Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018 Feb 1;125:21-35. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.004. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
Even in 21st century, >90% cancer-associated deaths are caused by metastatic disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which circulate in the blood stream after release from primary tumors, extravasate and form fatal metastases in different organs. Several clinical trials indicate that CTCs can be used as a liquid biopsy of tumors for early diagnosis of cancers. Since CTCs are extremely rare and exhibit heterogeneous biology due to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), oncologists continue to face enormous challenges in using CTCs as a true "liquid biopsy" for cancer patients. Recent advancements in nanoscience allow us to design nano-architectures with the capability of targeted CTCs isolation and identification. In the current review, we discuss contribution from different groups on the development of graphene oxide based nanoarchitecture for effective isolation and accurate identification of CTCs from whole blood. In the last few years, using zero-dimensional (0D), two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) multifunctional hybrid graphene oxide (GO), different types of nanoarchitectures have been designed. These nanoarchitectures represent a highly powerful platform for CTC diagnosis. We discuss the major design criteria that have been used to develop hybrid GO nanoarchitectures for selective capture and accurate identification of heterogeneous CTCs from whole blood. At the end, we conclude with the promises, major challenges, and prospect to clinically translate the identification of CTCs using GO based nanotechnology.
即使在 21 世纪，仍有超过 90%的癌症相关死亡是由转移性疾病引起的。循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）在原发肿瘤释放后会在血流中循环，并在不同器官中渗出形成致命的转移灶。几项临床试验表明，CTC 可作为肿瘤的液体活检，用于癌症的早期诊断。由于 CTCs 极其罕见，并且由于上皮-间充质转化（EMT）而表现出异质性生物学特性，肿瘤学家在将 CTCs 用作癌症患者真正的“液体活检”时仍然面临巨大挑战。纳米科学的最新进展使我们能够设计具有靶向 CTCs 分离和鉴定能力的纳米结构。在当前的综述中，我们讨论了不同小组在开发基于氧化石墨烯的纳米结构以有效分离和准确鉴定全血中的 CTCs 方面的贡献。在过去的几年中，使用零维（0D）、二维（2D）和三维（3D）多功能杂化氧化石墨烯（GO）设计了不同类型的纳米结构。这些纳米结构代表了用于 CTC 诊断的极具潜力的平台。我们讨论了用于开发杂化 GO 纳米结构的主要设计标准，这些纳米结构用于从全血中选择性捕获和准确鉴定异质 CTCs。最后，我们总结了使用基于 GO 的纳米技术鉴定 CTC 的前景、主要挑战和临床转化。
