Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Hepatology. 2018 Aug;68(2):751-762. doi: 10.1002/hep.29785.
While the life cycles of hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, and E) have been modestly characterized, recent intensive studies have provided new insights. Because these viruses "hijack" the membrane trafficking of the host cell machinery during replicative propagation, it is essential to determine and understand these specific cellular pathways. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus are well known as leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While substantial inroads toward treating hepatitis C virus patients have recently been made, patients with HBV continue to require lifelong treatment, which makes a thorough understanding of the HBV life cycle essential. Importantly, these viruses have been observed to "hijack" the secretory and endocytic membrane trafficking machineries of the hepatocyte. These can include the canonical clathrin-mediated endocytic process that internalizes virus through cell surface receptors. While these receptors are encoded by the host genome for normal hepatocellular functions, they also exhibit virus-specific recognition. Further, functions provided by the multivesicular body, which include endosomal sorting complexes required for transport, are now known to envelope a variety of different hepatitis viruses. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the cellular membrane trafficking machineries used by HBV in the context of other hepatitis viruses. (Hepatology 2018; 00:000-000).
尽管肝炎病毒（A、B、C、D 和 E）的生命周期已经得到了适度的描述，但最近的深入研究提供了新的见解。由于这些病毒在复制过程中“劫持”了宿主细胞机制的膜运输，因此确定和理解这些特定的细胞途径是至关重要的。乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒是众所周知的导致肝硬化和肝细胞癌的主要原因。虽然最近在治疗丙型肝炎病毒患者方面取得了重大进展，但乙型肝炎病毒患者仍需要终身治疗，这使得深入了解乙型肝炎病毒的生命周期变得至关重要。重要的是，这些病毒被观察到“劫持”了肝细胞的分泌和内吞膜运输机制。这些包括通过细胞表面受体将病毒内化的经典网格蛋白介导的内吞过程。虽然这些受体是宿主基因组编码的，用于正常的肝细胞功能，但它们也表现出病毒特异性识别。此外，多泡体提供的功能，包括内体分选复合物所需的运输，现在已知可以包裹各种不同的肝炎病毒。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近关于 HBV 在其他肝炎病毒背景下使用的细胞膜运输机制的发现。（《肝脏病学》2018 年；00:000-000）。
