深水地平线石油泄漏海岸警卫队队列研究：急性呼吸道健康症状的横断面研究。
The deepwater horizon oil spill coast guard cohort study: A cross-sectional study of acute respiratory health symptoms.
机构信息
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
出版信息
Environ Res. 2018 Apr;162:196-202. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.044. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
INTRODUCTION
Over 8500 United States Coast Guard (USCG) personnel were deployed in response to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill; however, human respiratory effects as a result of spill-related exposures are relatively unknown.
METHODS
USCG personnel who responded to the DWH oil spill were queried via survey on exposures to crude oil and oil dispersant, and acute respiratory symptoms experienced during deployment. Adjusted log binomial regressions were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), investigating the associations between oil spill exposures and respiratory symptoms.
RESULTS
4855 USCG personnel completed the survey. More than half (54.6%) and almost one-fourth (22.0%) of responders were exposed to crude oil and oil dispersants, respectively. Coughing was the most prevalent symptom (19.4%), followed by shortness of breath (5.5%), and wheezing (3.6%). Adjusted analyses showed an exposure-response relationship between increasing deployment duration and likelihood of coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing in the pre-capping period. A similar pattern was observed in the post-capping period for coughing and wheezing. Adjusted analyses revealed increased PRs for coughing (PR=1.92), shortness of breath (PR=2.60), and wheezing (PR=2.68) for any oil exposure. Increasing frequency of inhalation of oil was associated with increased likelihood of all three respiratory symptoms. A similar pattern was observed for contact with oil dispersants for coughing and shortness of breath. The combination of both oil and oil dispersants presented associations that were much greater in magnitude than oil alone for coughing (PR=2.72), shortness of breath (PR=4.65), and wheezing (PR=5.06).
CONCLUSIONS
Results from the present study suggested strong relationships between oil and oil dispersant exposures and acute respiratory symptoms among disaster responders. Future prospective studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
简介
超过 8500 名美国海岸警卫队（USCG）人员被部署以应对深水地平线（DWH）溢油事件；然而，由于溢油相关暴露而导致的人类呼吸道影响尚不清楚。
方法
通过调查，询问参与 DWH 溢油事件的 USCG 人员有关接触原油和油分散剂的情况以及部署期间经历的急性呼吸道症状。使用调整后的对数二项式回归计算患病率比（PR）和 95%置信区间（CI），以调查溢油暴露与呼吸道症状之间的关联。
结果
4855 名 USCG 人员完成了调查。超过一半（54.6%）和近四分之一（22.0%）的 responder 分别接触了原油和油分散剂。咳嗽是最常见的症状（19.4%），其次是呼吸急促（5.5%）和喘息（3.6%）。调整后的分析表明，在封盖前期间，随着部署时间的增加，与咳嗽、呼吸急促和喘息的可能性呈暴露反应关系。在封盖后期间也观察到了类似的模式。调整后的分析显示，任何油暴露的咳嗽（PR=1.92）、呼吸急促（PR=2.60）和喘息（PR=2.68）的 PR 均增加。吸入油的频率增加与所有三种呼吸道症状的可能性增加相关。对于咳嗽和呼吸急促，接触油分散剂也出现了类似的模式。油和油分散剂的组合对于咳嗽（PR=2.72）、呼吸急促（PR=4.65）和喘息（PR=5.06）的关联比单独的油更大。
结论
本研究结果表明，灾难应对人员中油和油分散剂暴露与急性呼吸道症状之间存在很强的关系。需要进行未来的前瞻性研究来证实这些发现。
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