Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2018 Jun;21(2):224-245. doi: 10.1007/s10567-017-0252-3.
Understanding how parents influence their child's medical procedures can inform future work to reduce pediatric procedural distress and improve recovery outcomes. Following a pediatric injury or illness diagnosis, the associated medical procedures can be potentially traumatic events that are often painful and distressing and can lead to the child experiencing long-term physical and psychological problems. Children under 6 years old are particularly at risk of illness or injury, yet their pain-related distress during medical procedures is often difficult to manage because of their young developmental level. Parents can also experience ongoing psychological distress following a child's injury or illness diagnosis. The parent and parenting behavior is one of many risk factors for increased pediatric procedural distress. The impact of parents on pediatric procedural distress is an important yet not well-understood phenomenon. There is some evidence to indicate parents influence their child through their own psychological distress and through parenting behavior. This paper has three purposes: (1) review current empirical research on parent-related risk factors for distressing pediatric medical procedures, and longer-term recovery outcomes; (2) consider and develop existing theories to present a new model for understanding the parent-child distress relationship during medical procedures; and (3) review and make recommendations regarding current assessment tools and developing parenting behavior interventions for reducing pediatric procedural distress.
了解父母如何影响孩子的医疗程序可以为未来的工作提供信息，以减少儿科程序的痛苦并改善康复结果。在儿科损伤或疾病诊断后，相关的医疗程序可能是潜在的创伤性事件，通常会引起疼痛和痛苦，并导致孩子出现长期的身体和心理问题。6 岁以下的儿童特别容易患病或受伤，但由于他们的发育水平较低，他们在医疗程序中经历的与疼痛相关的痛苦往往难以控制。父母在孩子受伤或患病诊断后也可能会经历持续的心理困扰。父母和育儿行为是增加儿科程序痛苦的众多危险因素之一。父母对儿科程序痛苦的影响是一个重要但尚未被充分理解的现象。有一些证据表明，父母通过自己的心理困扰和育儿行为来影响孩子。本文有三个目的：（1）回顾当前关于与父母相关的儿科医疗程序痛苦和长期恢复结果的风险因素的实证研究；（2）考虑和发展现有理论，提出一个新的模型来理解医疗程序期间父母与孩子的痛苦关系；（3）回顾并提出建议，以评估当前的评估工具和制定减少儿科程序痛苦的育儿行为干预措施。
