1 Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019 Apr;20(2):229-244. doi: 10.1177/1524838017697307. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
Sexual aggression is a major public health issue worldwide, but most knowledge is derived from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Little research has been conducted on the prevalence of sexual aggression in developing countries, including Chile. This article presents the first systematic review of the evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among women and men in Chile. Furthermore, it reports differences in prevalence rates in relation to victim and perpetrator characteristics and victim-perpetrator relationships. A total of N = 28 studies were identified by a three-stage literature search, including the screening of academic databases, publications of Chilean institutions, and reference lists. A great heterogeneity was found for prevalence rates of sexual victimization, ranging between 1.0% and 51.9% for women and 0.4% and 48.0% for men. Only four studies provided perpetration rates, which varied between 0.8% and 26.8% for men and 0.0% and 16.5% for women. No consistent evidence emerged for differences in victimization rates in relation to victims' gender, age, and education. Perpetrators were more likely to be persons known to the victim. Conceptual and methodological differences between the studies are discussed as reasons for the great variability in prevalence rates, and recommendations are provided for a more harmonized and gender-inclusive approach for future research on sexual aggression in Chile.
性侵犯是全球范围内的一个重大公共卫生问题，但大多数知识都来自于在北美和西欧进行的研究。在发展中国家，包括智利，对性侵犯的流行情况进行的研究很少。本文首次对智利女性和男性中性侵犯受害和施害的流行情况进行了系统综述，并报告了与受害者和施害者特征以及受害者-施害者关系有关的流行率差异。通过三阶段文献搜索，共确定了 N = 28 项研究，包括对学术数据库、智利机构出版物和参考文献列表的筛选。性侵犯受害率的差异非常大，女性为 1.0%至 51.9%，男性为 0.4%至 48.0%。只有四项研究提供了施害率，男性为 0.8%至 26.8%，女性为 0.0%至 16.5%。受害者的性别、年龄和教育程度与受害率的差异没有一致的证据。施害者更有可能是受害者认识的人。研究之间的概念和方法差异被认为是流行率差异很大的原因，并为未来在智利进行的性侵犯研究提供了更协调和性别包容的方法建议。
