1 Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA.
2 Trauma Center at Justice Resource Institute, Brookline, MA, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019 Jan;20(1):81-98. doi: 10.1177/1524838017692365. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Exposure to violence is pervasive in our society. An abundance of research has demonstrated that individuals who experience polyvictimization (PV)-prolonged or multiple forms of traumatic victimizations-are at heightened risk for continuing to experience repeated victimizations throughout their lifetimes. The current article reviews several overlapping constructs of traumatic victimizations with the ultimate goal of providing a unifying framework for conceptualizing prolonged and multiple victimization (defined in this article as PV) as a precursor to complex post-traumatic biopsychosocial adaptations, revictimization, and in some instances reenactment as a perpetrator (defined as complex trauma [CT]). This model is then applied to three socially disadvantaged victim populations-lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning; commercially sexually exploited individuals; and urban communities of color-who are at heightened risk for PV and for exhibiting complex clinical presentations to demonstrate how the PV-CT framework can destigmatize, reframe, and ultimately reduce health disparities experienced by these populations. Trauma-informed recommendations are provided to aid researchers and multidisciplinary providers working to reduce harm and improve the quality of life for polyvictims.
暴力在我们的社会中普遍存在。大量研究表明，经历过多种创伤性受害（PV）——长期或多种形式的创伤性受害——的个体在其一生中持续遭受重复受害的风险更高。本文综述了几种重叠的创伤性受害结构，最终目标是为将长期和多种受害（本文定义为 PV）作为复杂创伤后生物心理社会适应、再次受害以及在某些情况下作为施害者（定义为复杂创伤 [CT]）的前兆提供一个统一的概念框架。然后将该模型应用于三个社会弱势群体——女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别、酷儿或疑问、商业性剥削个体和有色人种的城市社区——这些群体面临着更高的 PV 风险，并表现出复杂的临床特征，以展示 PV-CT 框架如何消除污名化、重新构建并最终减少这些群体所经历的健康差距。提供了以创伤为中心的建议，以帮助研究人员和多学科提供者减少伤害，提高多受害者的生活质量。
