道德脱离：解释欺凌和网络欺凌多受害者化的一个因素。
Moral Disengagement as an Explanatory Factor of the Polyivictimization of Bullying and Cyberbullying.
机构信息
Psychology and Anthropology Department, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 7;16(13):2414. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132414.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The present study's objectives were to: (1) Identify and analyze the prevalence of poly-victims, and (2) determine how the levels of moral disengagement and the various defence mechanisms that victims use to explain abusive behavior might function as predictors of poly-bullying.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 1328 participants of from 9 to 14 years old. The instruments used were two questionnaires. One allows the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying victims to be identified and analyzed. The other analyses the level of moral disengagement and the defence mechanisms to which the victims resort.
RESULTS
The results showed there to be a continuity of the role of victim in off-line and on-line contexts, turning those who are subject to these situations into poly-victims. The moral disengagement of these victims was found basically to be centered at two levels-a locus of behavior, and a locus of outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to abuse that is continuous, of different types, and coming from different contexts must be perceived as a public health problem given the lack of effective tools to combat the situations of helplessness that the polyvictims experience.
摘要
背景
本研究的目的是：（1）确定和分析多受害者的流行率，以及（2）确定道德脱离水平以及受害者用来解释虐待行为的各种防御机制如何作为多欺凌的预测因素。
方法
该样本由 1328 名 9 至 14 岁的参与者组成。所用的工具是两份问卷。一份可以识别和分析欺凌和网络欺凌受害者的流行率。另一份分析受害者诉诸的道德脱离水平和防御机制。
结果
结果表明，受害者在离线和在线环境中的角色具有连续性，使那些处于这些情况下的人成为多受害者。发现这些受害者的道德脱离基本上集中在两个层面上-行为的所在地和结果的所在地。
结论
鉴于缺乏有效工具来应对多受害者所经历的无助情况，必须将持续的、不同类型的、来自不同背景的虐待行为视为公共卫生问题。
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