性拮抗作用与环境性别决定的不稳定性。
Sexual antagonism and the instability of environmental sex determination.
机构信息
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
出版信息
Nat Ecol Evol. 2018 Feb;2(2):343-351. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0427-9. Epub 2018 Jan 15.
The sex of an organism can be determined by its genetics or its early environment. Across the animal kingdom, genetic sex determination (GSD) is far more common than environmental sex determination (ESD). Here, we propose an explanation for this pattern: the coupling of genes that bias offspring sex ratios towards one sex with genes that are beneficial in that sex but costly in the other. Gradual strengthening of the sex-specific tendency of this association eventuates in a neo-sex chromosome; that is, GSD. Our model predicts to which system of heterogamety ESD will evolve when nesting behaviour is an important determinant of brood sex ratios. It explains the puzzling observation in some GSD species of sex reversal induced by extreme environments. The model also suggests an approach to discovering sex-determining genes in ESD species.
生物体的性别可以由其遗传或早期环境决定。在整个动物界，遗传性别决定（GSD）远比环境性别决定（ESD）常见。在这里，我们提出了一种解释这种模式的方法：将偏向某个性别的后代性别比例的基因与在该性别中有益但在另一个性别中昂贵的基因进行耦合。这种关联的性别特异性趋势逐渐加强，最终导致新的性染色体；也就是说，GSD。我们的模型预测了当筑巢行为是影响后代性别比例的重要决定因素时，ESD 将进化到哪种异配性别系统。它解释了在一些 GSD 物种中观察到的由极端环境引起的性逆转的令人费解的现象。该模型还提出了一种在 ESD 物种中发现性别决定基因的方法。
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