Tir Alba Maria Dalbello, Labor Marina, Plavec Davor
1Institute of Public Health of Zagreb County, Rockefellerova ul. 7, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
2Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Ul. Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2017 Dec 20;68(4):276-286. doi: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2965.
Chronic subclinical systemic inflammation (CSSI) is a pathogenic event and a common risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases like atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, cancer, and obstructive lung disease. On the other hand, regular physical activity has been found to reduce this risk. Many studies of different design were conducted to assess the association between inflammatory mediators as markers of CSSI and regular physical activity. The aim of this review was to present the current level of evidence and understanding of potential mechanisms by which physical activity reduces inflammatory mediators involved in CSSI and the types of physical activity required for the expected effect. We have found that observational studies consistently report a positive association between regular physical activity and lower CSSI, but the design of these studies does not allow to infer a causal relationship. Interventional studies, in contrast, were not consistent about the causal relationship between regular physical activity and lower CSSI. The problem in interpreting these results lies in significant differences between these interventional studies in their design, sample size, study population, and intervention itself (intensity and extent, follow up, weight loss). We can conclude that the scientific community has to invest a significant effort into high-quality interventional trials focused on finding the type, intensity, and extent of physical activity that would produce the most favourable effect on CSSI.
慢性亚临床全身炎症（CSSI）是一种致病事件，也是许多非传染性疾病的常见风险因素，如动脉粥样硬化、代谢综合征、心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病、癌症以及阻塞性肺病。另一方面，已发现规律的体育活动可降低这种风险。开展了许多不同设计的研究，以评估作为CSSI标志物的炎症介质与规律体育活动之间的关联。本综述的目的是介绍当前关于体育活动降低参与CSSI的炎症介质的潜在机制及产生预期效果所需体育活动类型的证据水平和认识。我们发现观察性研究一致报告规律体育活动与较低的CSSI之间存在正相关，但这些研究的设计不允许推断因果关系。相比之下，干预性研究对于规律体育活动与较低的CSSI之间的因果关系并不一致。解释这些结果的问题在于这些干预性研究在设计、样本量、研究人群和干预本身（强度和范围、随访、体重减轻）方面存在显著差异。我们可以得出结论，科学界必须投入大量精力开展高质量的干预试验，重点是找出对CSSI产生最有利影响的体育活动类型、强度和范围。
