Alghamdi Hamdan S
Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
J Funct Biomater. 2018 Jan 13;9(1):7. doi: 10.3390/jfb9010007.
Nowadays, dental implants have become more common treatment for replacing missing teeth and aim to improve chewing efficiency, physical health, and esthetics. The favorable clinical performance of dental implants has been attributed to their firm osseointegration, as introduced by Brånemark in 1965. Although the survival rate of dental implants over a 10-year observation has been reported to be higher than 90% in totally edentulous jaws, the clinical outcome of implant treatment is challenged in compromised (bone) conditions, as are frequently present in elderly people. The biomechanical characteristics of bone in aged patients do not offer proper stability to implants, being similar to type-IV bone (Lekholm & Zarb classification), in which a decreased clinical fixation of implants has been clearly demonstrated. However, the search for improved osseointegration has continued forward for the new evolution of modern dental implants. This represents a continuum of developments spanning more than 20 years of research on implant related-factors including surgical techniques, implant design, and surface properties. The methods to enhance osseointegration of dental implants in low quality (type-IV) bone are described in a general manner in this review.
如今，牙种植体已成为替代缺失牙的更常见治疗方法，旨在提高咀嚼效率、身体健康和美观度。牙种植体良好的临床性能归因于其牢固的骨结合，这是1965年由布伦马克提出的。尽管据报道，在全口无牙颌中，经过10年观察的牙种植体存活率高于90%，但在诸如老年人中常见的骨条件受损的情况下，种植治疗的临床结果受到挑战。老年患者骨的生物力学特性不能为种植体提供适当的稳定性，类似于IV型骨（莱霍尔姆和扎尔布分类），在这种骨中，种植体的临床固定明显降低。然而，为了现代牙种植体的新发展，对改善骨结合的探索一直在继续。这代表了一个跨越20多年对种植相关因素（包括手术技术、种植体设计和表面特性）研究的连续发展过程。本综述以一般方式描述了在低质量（IV型）骨中增强牙种植体骨结合的方法。
