Goodarzi-Khoigani Masoomeh, Baghiani Moghadam Mohammad Hossein, Nadjarzadeh Azadeh, Mardanian Farahnaz, Fallahzadeh Hossein, Mazloomy-Mahmoodabad SeyedSaeed
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Health, Azad University of Firoozabad Branch, Fars, Iran.
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2018 Jan-Feb;23(1):18-25. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_198_16.
Different types of nutrients in adequate amounts are required to meet the increased demands of the mother and the developing fetus. Therefore, we examined the impact of nutrition education on the number of food servings per day.
Pregnant mothers were recruited to a prospective, randomized clinical trial from May to September, 2016. At 6-10 weeks of gestation, the participants were randomly divided into the intervention ( = 96) or the control group ( = 96), and were followed-up until the end of pregnancy. Each woman in the experimental group met the study nutritionist at the time of enrollment and an individualized nutrition plan was developed. In addition, the nutrition education based on Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) was designed, including three 45-60 min training sessions in 6-10, 18, and 26 weeks of pregnancy. The participants' usual food intake using a three-day dietary record was assessed at 6-10 weeks and 34-36 weeks of gestation.
The mean scores of the perceived benefits, self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences (husband support), and commitment to action increased while the competing demand scores decreased in the interventional group compared with the control group. The mean standard deviation (SD) of food portions from grain [10.40 (1.96) versus 12.70 (1.93) in the control group], vegetable [3.88 (1.33) versus 2.96 (0.91)], fruit [4.02 (0.05) versus 3.95 (0.91)], dairy [2.33 (0.68) versus 2.11 (0.45)], and meat [3.17 (0.68) versus 2.96 (0.67)] were improved in the experimental group.
Pender's HPM for nutrition education is effective based on the compliance of pregnant women to the dietary guideline and the food guide pyramid.
需要适量的不同类型营养素来满足母亲和发育中胎儿增加的需求。因此，我们研究了营养教育对每日食物摄入量的影响。
2016年5月至9月，招募孕妇参与一项前瞻性随机临床试验。在妊娠6至10周时，将参与者随机分为干预组（n = 96）或对照组（n = 96），并随访至妊娠结束。实验组的每位女性在入组时与研究营养师会面，并制定个性化营养计划。此外，设计了基于彭德健康促进模型（HPM）的营养教育，包括在妊娠6至10周、18周和26周进行的三次45 - 60分钟培训课程。在妊娠6至10周和34至36周时，使用三日饮食记录评估参与者的日常食物摄入量。
与对照组相比，干预组的感知益处、自我效能、与活动相关的情感、人际影响（丈夫支持）和行动承诺的平均得分增加，而竞争需求得分降低。实验组谷物[10.40（1.96）对比对照组的12.70（1.93）]、蔬菜[3.88（1.33）对比2.96（0.91）]、水果[4.02（0.05）对比3.95（0.91）]、乳制品[2.33（0.68）对比2.11（0.45）]和肉类[3.17（0.68）对比2.96（0.67）]的食物份数平均标准差（SD）有所改善。
基于孕妇对饮食指南和食物指南金字塔的依从性，彭德的营养教育HPM是有效的。
