Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
J Res Health Sci. 2023 Jun;23(2):e00584. doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.119.
Pregnant women are vulnerable to oral disease due to physiological, hormonal, and dietary alterations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the educational program according to the Health Promotion Model (HPM) on the oral health prevention behavior of pregnant women.
A randomized controlled trial.
This study was performed on 105 pregnant women visiting health centers located in Arak from February to November 2022. The subjects were randomly assigned to intervention (n=54) and control (n=51) groups. A reliable and valid questionnaire according to HPM constructs was used to collect the data. The pre-test was conducted in the groups. The intervention group received the educational program in 9 educational sessions (from 12 to 24 weeks of pregnancy). Then, the post-test was conducted in the 36th week of pregnancy in the groups. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18) and using independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test.
There were statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups regarding perceived benefits (24.68±3.63 vs. 26.57±3.67, =0.009), perceived barriers (7.31±3.14 vs. 5.81±3.59, =0.025), positive affect (10.50±1.66 vs. 11.29±1.34, =0.009), negative affect (1.59±0.223 vs. 1.40±1.51, =0.006), commitment to the action plan (4.05±1.92 vs. 4.77±1.50, =0.034), and tooth brushing time (2.29±0.72 vs. 2.74±0.48, <0.001). However, no significant difference was observed regarding the tooth brushing frequency (2.05±0.58 vs. 2.07±0.66, =0.901) after the intervention. The brushing time for 2-3 minutes in the intervention group increased from 51.85% to 75.92% after the intervention.
HPM-based education was effective in promoting the duration of tooth brushing in pregnant women. However, it had no effect on the tooth brushing frequency.
由于生理、激素和饮食的改变，孕妇易患口腔疾病。本研究旨在评估基于健康促进模式（HPM）的教育计划对孕妇口腔保健预防行为的影响。
随机对照试验。
本研究于 2022 年 2 月至 11 月期间对来自阿拉克卫生中心的 105 名孕妇进行，将受试者随机分为干预组（n=54）和对照组（n=51）。采用 HPM 结构的可靠和有效问卷收集数据。对两组进行预测试。干预组在 12 至 24 周妊娠期间接受 9 次教育课程。然后，在第 36 周对两组进行了后测。最后，使用 SPSS 软件（版本 18）对数据进行分析，并采用独立 t 检验、配对 t 检验和卡方检验。
干预组和对照组在感知益处（24.68±3.63 vs. 26.57±3.67，=0.009）、感知障碍（7.31±3.14 vs. 5.81±3.59，=0.025）、积极影响（10.50±1.66 vs. 11.29±1.34，=0.009）、消极影响（1.59±0.223 vs. 1.40±1.51，=0.006）、对行动计划的承诺（4.05±1.92 vs. 4.77±1.50，=0.034）和刷牙时间（2.29±0.72 vs. 2.74±0.48，<0.001）方面有统计学显著差异。然而，干预后两组的刷牙频率（2.05±0.58 vs. 2.07±0.66，=0.901）没有显著差异。干预后，干预组 2-3 分钟的刷牙时间从 51.85%增加到 75.92%。
基于 HPM 的教育在促进孕妇刷牙时间方面是有效的。然而，它对刷牙频率没有影响。
