Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
BMC Psychol. 2018 Jan 18;6(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40359-018-0213-8.
The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships of self-reported physical activity to involvement with messages that discuss the prevention of heart disease and breast cancer through physical activity, the explicit believability of the messages, and agreement (or disagreement) with specific statements about the messages or disease beliefs in general.
A within subjects' design was used. Participants (N = 96) read either a breast cancer or heart disease message first, then completed a corresponding task that measured agreement or disagreement and confidence in the agreement or disagreement that 1) physical activity 'reduces risk/does not reduce risk' of breast cancer or heart disease, 2) that breast cancer or heart disease is a 'real/not real risk for me', 3) that women who get breast cancer or heart disease are 'like/not like me', and 4) that women who get breast cancer or heart disease are 'to blame/not to blame'. This task was followed by a questionnaire measuring message involvement and explicit believability. They then read the other disease messages and completed the corresponding agreement and confidence task and questionnaire measures. Lastly, participants completed a questionnaire measuring physical activity related attitudes and intentions, and demographics.
There was no difference in message involvement or explicit believability of breast cancer compared to heart disease messages. Active participants had a higher confidence in their agreement that physical activity is preventive of heart disease compared to breast cancer. Multinomial regression models showed that, in addition to physical activity related attitudes and intentions, agreement that physical activity was preventive of heart disease and that women with heart disease are 'like me' were predictors of being more active compared to inactive. In the breast cancer model only attitudes and intentions predicted physical activity group.
Active women likely internalized messages about heart disease prevention through physical activity, making the prevention messages more readily available within memory, and active women may therefore process such information differently. The study of how health-related beliefs are created and are related to perceptions of prevention messages is a rich area of study that may contribute to more effective health promotion.
本研究旨在探讨通过身体活动预防心脏病和乳腺癌的信息所报告的身体活动与参与程度之间的关系，以及信息的明确可信度，以及对信息或一般疾病信念的具体陈述的同意（或不同意）。
采用被试内设计。参与者（N=96）首先阅读乳腺癌或心脏病信息，然后完成一项相应的任务，该任务衡量对以下内容的同意或不同意以及信心：1）身体活动“降低/不降低乳腺癌或心脏病的风险”，2）乳腺癌或心脏病对“我来说是一个真实/不真实的风险”，3）患有乳腺癌或心脏病的女性“像/不像我”，以及 4）患有乳腺癌或心脏病的女性“应受责备/不应受责备”。此任务之后是一项衡量信息参与度和明确可信度的问卷。然后，他们阅读其他疾病信息，并完成相应的同意和信心任务以及问卷测量。最后，参与者完成了一项衡量与身体活动相关的态度和意图以及人口统计信息的问卷。
乳腺癌信息的参与度或明确可信度与心脏病信息没有差异。积极的参与者对身体活动预防心脏病的一致意见更有信心，而不是乳腺癌。多项回归模型表明，除了与身体活动相关的态度和意图外，同意身体活动是预防心脏病的，以及患有心脏病的女性“像我”，这些都是与不活跃相比更活跃的预测因素。在乳腺癌模型中，只有态度和意图预测了身体活动组。
积极的女性可能通过身体活动内化了关于心脏病预防的信息，使预防信息在记忆中更容易获得，因此积极的女性可能会以不同的方式处理此类信息。研究健康相关信念是如何产生的，以及与预防信息的感知之间的关系，是一个丰富的研究领域，可能有助于更有效的健康促进。
