Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2018 Jun;20(3):345-351. doi: 10.1111/cid.12584. Epub 2018 Jan 19.
A close relationship between poor glycemic control and peri-implant break down has been demonstrated. It is hypothesized that levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) are higher with increased glycemic levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
In the present study, we examined the clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters and levels of AGEs among different glycemic levels in diabetic patients and assessed whether the levels of AGEs correlate with clinical peri-implant parameters.
Ninety-three patients who participated in this study were divided into four groups; Group-1: HbA1c 6.1%-8%; Group-2: HbA1c 8.1%-10%; Group-3: HbA1c > 10%; Group-4: non-diabetic individuals with HbA1c < 6%. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded. Levels of AGEs in PISF were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Between-group comparison of means was verified with Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficient for correlations of AGE levels with peri-implant parameters.
Peri-implant PI, BOP, PD, and CBL were significantly higher in group-1, -2, and -3 as compared to non-diabetic patients (P < .05). These parameters were significantly higher in group-2 and group-3 versus group-1 (P < .01). Mean PI, BOP, PD, and CBL were comparable between group-2 and group-3 patients (P > .05). Mean levels of AGEs in PISF were significantly higher in relation to higher levels of HbA1c levels. Significant positive correlations were found between AGEs and PD (P = .0221) and CBL (P = .0425); and significant negative correlation was found for PI (P = .0376) in patients with HbA1c levels >10%, respectively.
Clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters were poor and levels of AGEs were significantly high in patients with high glycemic levels. These findings suggest that AGEs may be considered as potential marker of inflammation in diabetic individuals with peri-implantitis.
已有研究证明，血糖控制不佳与种植体周围破坏之间存在密切关系。有假设认为，2 型糖尿病患者的血糖水平升高，其种植体周围龈沟液（PISF）中的晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）水平也会更高。
本研究旨在检测不同血糖水平的糖尿病患者的临床和影像学种植体周围参数以及 AGEs 水平，并评估 AGEs 水平是否与临床种植体周围参数相关。
本研究共纳入 93 名患者，将其分为 4 组：组 1：HbA1c 6.1%-8%；组 2：HbA1c 8.1%-10%；组 3：HbA1c>10%；组 4：HbA1c<6%的非糖尿病个体。记录种植体周围菌斑指数（PI）、探诊出血（BOP）、探诊深度（PD）和牙槽骨丧失（CBL）。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）定量检测 PISF 中的 AGEs 水平。采用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验进行组间均值比较，采用 Pearson 相关系数分析 AGE 水平与种植体周围参数的相关性。
与非糖尿病患者相比，组 1、组 2 和组 3 的种植体周围 PI、BOP、PD 和 CBL 显著更高（P<.05）。组 2 和组 3 的这些参数明显高于组 1（P<.01）。组 2 和组 3 患者的平均 PI、BOP、PD 和 CBL 无显著差异（P>.05）。PISF 中的 AGE 水平与 HbA1c 水平呈正相关，差异有统计学意义。在 HbA1c 水平>10%的患者中，AGEs 与 PD（P=.0221）和 CBL（P=.0425）呈显著正相关，与 PI（P=.0376）呈显著负相关。
血糖水平较高的患者种植体周围的临床和影像学参数较差，AGEs 水平显著升高。这些发现表明，AGEs 可能被视为患有种植体周围炎的糖尿病患者炎症的潜在标志物。
