Liaghat Behnam, Juul-Kristensen Birgit, Frydendal Thomas, Marie Larsen Camilla, Søgaard Karen, Ilkka Tapio Salo Aki
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2018 Apr;39:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
Generalised Joint Hypermobility including shoulder hypermobility (GJHS) in swimmers is considered an intrinsic risk factor for shoulder injuries. The aim was to investigate the association of GJHS with shoulder strength, fatigue development and muscle activity during swimming-related shoulder rotations. Totally, 38 competitive swimmers (aged 13-17 years) participated, 19 were competitive swimmers with GJHS and 19 were age, sex and club matched swimmers without GJHS. Concentric isokinetic force in medial and lateral rotations were measured at 60°/s (5 repetitions) and 180°/s (10 repetitions). Electromyographic activity was measured from upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, infraspinatus and pectoralis major muscles. Swimmers with GJHS produced significantly lower peak torque (0.53 vs. 0.60 Nm/kg; p = .047) and maximum work (0.62 vs. 0.71 J/kg; p = .031) than controls during medial rotation (60°/s). Swimmers with GJHS showed significantly larger isokinetic fatigue at 180°/s (0.321 J/repetition; p = .010), and tendencies to lower levels of muscle activity in infraspinatus (20%, p = .066) and pectoralis major (34%, p = .092) at 60°/s during medial rotation. Young competitive swimmers with GJHS, despite no formal diagnosis, displayed strength and fatigue deficits in medial rotation, potentially inherent with greater risk of shoulder injury. Whether GJHS swimmers benefit from medial rotation strengthening is an important topic for future studies.
游泳运动员的全身性关节过度活动包括肩部过度活动（GJHS）被认为是肩部损伤的一个内在风险因素。本研究旨在探讨GJHS与游泳相关肩部旋转过程中的肩部力量、疲劳发展和肌肉活动之间的关联。共有38名竞技游泳运动员（年龄在13 - 17岁之间）参与，其中19名是患有GJHS的竞技游泳运动员，19名是年龄、性别和俱乐部匹配的无GJHS的游泳运动员。在内旋和外旋方向上，以60°/秒（5次重复）和180°/秒（10次重复）测量等速向心力量。测量了斜方肌上束、斜方肌下束、前锯肌、冈下肌和胸大肌的肌电活动。在60°/秒内旋时，患有GJHS的游泳运动员产生的峰值扭矩（0.53对0.60 Nm/kg；p = 0.047）和最大功（0.62对0.71 J/kg；p = 0.031）显著低于对照组。患有GJHS的游泳运动员在180°/秒时表现出明显更大的等速疲劳（0.321 J/重复；p = 0.010），并且在内旋60°/秒时，冈下肌（20%，p = 0.066）和胸大肌（34%，p = 0.092）的肌肉活动水平有降低的趋势。尽管没有正式诊断，但患有GJHS的年轻竞技游泳运动员在内旋时表现出力量和疲劳缺陷，这可能意味着肩部受伤的风险更大。GJHS游泳运动员是否能从内旋强化训练中获益是未来研究的一个重要课题。
