T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University.
Department of Psychology, Lehigh University.
Am Psychol. 2018 Apr;73(3):243-255. doi: 10.1037/amp0000099. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
Although culture influences all human beings, there is an assumption in American psychology that culture matters more for members of certain groups. This article identifies and provides evidence of the cultural (mis)attribution bias: a tendency to overemphasize the role of culture in the behavior of racial/ethnic minorities, and to underemphasize it in the behavior of Whites. Two studies investigated the presence of this bias with an examination of a decade of peer reviewed research conducted in the United States (N = 434 articles), and an experiment and a survey with psychology professors in the United States (N = 361 psychologists). Archival analyses revealed differences in the composition of samples used in studies examining cultural or noncultural psychological phenomena. We also find evidence to suggest that psychologists in the United States favor cultural explanations over psychological explanations when considering the behavior and cognition of racial/ethnic minorities, whereas the opposite pattern emerged in reference to Whites. The scientific ramifications of this phenomenon, as well as alternatives to overcome it, are discussed in detail. (PsycINFO Database Record
虽然文化影响着所有人类，但美国心理学界存在一种假设，即文化对某些群体的成员更为重要。本文确定并提供了文化（错误）归因偏差的证据：一种倾向于过分强调文化在少数族裔行为中的作用，而在白人行为中则低估文化作用的倾向。两项研究通过对美国进行的十年来同行评审研究的审查（N=434 篇文章），以及一项实验和一项对美国心理学教授的调查（N=361 名心理学家），调查了这种偏差的存在。档案分析揭示了在研究文化或非文化心理现象的研究中使用的样本构成存在差异。我们还发现有证据表明，当考虑少数族裔的行为和认知时，美国心理学家更倾向于用文化解释来代替心理解释，而在涉及白人时则出现了相反的模式。本文详细讨论了这种现象的科学意义，以及克服这种现象的替代方法。
