Moorman David E
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 20;87(Pt A):85-107. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.010. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
One of the major functions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is to promote flexible motivated behavior. It is no surprise, therefore, that recent work has demonstrated a prominent impact of chronic drug use on the OFC and a potential role for OFC disruption in drug abuse and addiction. Among drugs of abuse, the use of alcohol is particularly salient with respect to OFC function. Although a number of studies in humans have implicated OFC dysregulation in alcohol use disorders, animal models investigating the association between OFC and alcohol use are only beginning to be developed, and there is still a great deal to be revealed. The goal of this review is to consider what is currently known regarding the role of the OFC in alcohol use and dependence. I will first provide a brief, general overview of current views of OFC function and its contributions to drug seeking and addiction. I will then discuss research to date related to the OFC and alcohol use, both in human clinical populations and in non-human models. Finally I will consider issues and strategies to guide future study that may identify this brain region as a key player in the transition from moderated to problematic alcohol use and dependence.
眶额皮质（OFC）的主要功能之一是促进灵活的动机行为。因此，近期研究表明长期药物使用对眶额皮质有显著影响，且眶额皮质功能紊乱在药物滥用和成瘾中可能起作用，这并不奇怪。在滥用药物中，酒精的使用在眶额皮质功能方面尤为突出。尽管许多针对人类的研究表明眶额皮质功能失调与酒精使用障碍有关，但研究眶额皮质与酒精使用之间关联的动物模型才刚刚开始建立，仍有大量内容有待揭示。本综述的目的是探讨目前已知的眶额皮质在酒精使用和依赖中的作用。我将首先简要概述目前对眶额皮质功能及其对觅药行为和成瘾影响的看法。然后我将讨论迄今为止在人类临床群体和非人类模型中与眶额皮质和酒精使用相关的研究。最后，我将考虑指导未来研究的问题和策略，这些研究可能会确定这个脑区是从适度饮酒转变为问题饮酒和酒精依赖过程中的关键因素。
