Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera 27058, Italy.
Nutrients. 2017 Sep 18;9(9):1029. doi: 10.3390/nu9091029.
This systematic review aimed to investigate the association of fish and sea fish dietary patterns (FishDiet) and meat or processed meat dietary patterns (MeatDiet) with bone mineral density (BMD) and/or risk of fractures (RF). This review includes 37 studies with a total of 432,924 subjects. The results suggest that MeatDiet and FishDiet did not affect BMD or RF in 48.2% of the subjects with MeatDiet and in 86.5% of the subjects with FishDiet. Positive effects on bone were found in 3% of subjects with MeatDiet and in 12% with FishDiet. Negative effects on bone were observed in 2.7% of FishDiet and in 47.9% of MeatDiet. Major negative effects of MeatDiet were found in subjects located in the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Italy, Norway, UK and Spain who do not sustain a Mediterranean diet (92.7%); in Korea (27.1%); in Brazil and Mexico (96.4%); and in Australia (62.5%). This study suggests that protein intake from fish or meat is not harmful to bone. Negative effects on bone linked to FishDiet are almost null. Negative effects on bone were associated to MeatDiet in the setting of a Western Diet but not in Mediterranean or Asian Diets.
本系统评价旨在研究鱼类和海鱼饮食模式（FishDiet）与肉类或加工肉类饮食模式（MeatDiet）与骨密度（BMD）和/或骨折风险（RF）的关系。本综述共纳入 37 项研究，总计 432924 例受试者。结果表明，在 48.2%的 MeatDiet 受试者和 86.5%的 FishDiet 受试者中，MeatDiet 和 FishDiet 均不影响 BMD 或 RF。在 3%的 MeatDiet 受试者和 12%的 FishDiet 受试者中发现对骨骼有积极影响。在 2.7%的 FishDiet 受试者和 47.9%的 MeatDiet 受试者中观察到对骨骼的负面影响。在不坚持地中海饮食的荷兰、希腊、德国、意大利、挪威、英国和西班牙受试者（92.7%）；在韩国（27.1%）；在巴西和墨西哥（96.4%）；以及在澳大利亚（62.5%）中，发现了 MeatDiet 的主要负面影响。本研究表明，来自鱼类或肉类的蛋白质摄入对骨骼无害。与 FishDiet 相关的骨骼负面效应几乎为零。在西方饮食背景下，MeatDiet 与骨骼负面效应相关，但在地中海或亚洲饮食中则不然。
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